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factors affecting curriculum implementation

In certain schools, students are required to buy their own textbooks and even provide the necessary supplies for their institutions. Clich it may sound but indeed, failure to plan is planning to fail. 1. Springer, London. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 154. Curriculum implementation means putting official study programs into practice. It is therefore important to involve teachers in the process of planning and developing the program to make any necessary changes and implement it for the benefit of the children. This research addresses the concern of supplying learners with target language forms during the pre-task phase. They frequently possess substantial financial resources and have the potential to affect our nation's political system. https://eduraven.com/factors-affecting-implementation-of-the-curriculum/. Let's take a look at the top 8 factors that affect curriculum implementation in Nigeria Top 8 factors for curriculum implementation 8. Implementation Fullan and Stigelbauer (1991) identified three areas of the major factors affecting implementation: characteristics of change, local characteristics and external factors (government and other agencies). The formulation and implementation of the curriculum in Ghana are also heavily influenced by the interest group. How do social factors affect curriculum development? It's a huge factor that can make or break a curriculum. There are numerous ways that curriculum can be implemented. The curriculum may also be out of date, and its application may even be harmful in some circumstances. The children are asked to pick up different things of the same colour and name the colour when the teacher picks up one thing. Curriculum change. Shielding the implementation from outside Factors affecting curriculum development include governmentcurriculum development include government rules, which in turn brings other factors into therules, which in turn brings other factors into the process. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The success of a teacher is observed when students are comfortable with their personality, materials used and the environment in which students are taught. According to Posner (1995), schools should be supplied with enough materials and facilities to facilitate the process of learning.Teaching cannot be smooth if materials are not adequate. The importance of quality implementation and monitoring is critical to youth outcomes. The teacher should have adequate knowledge concerning the curriculum to be in a position to implement it well. A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices, learning experiences, and students' performance assessments that are designed to bring out and evaluate the target learning outcomes of a particular course. Sagradan teachers also undergo a series of relevant trainings with clear vision and purpose of what the curriculum demands of them. This is validated by enriching instructional assessment and developing student-centered activities that will cover the multiple intelligences of the Sagradans. It is noted that effective translation of policies into practice is necessary in order for actual implementation to fully take place. It demands time and resources in order for change to successfully take place. Bamgbose (1991) sees curriculum implementation as. investigate curriculum implementation factors that are affecting English language teachers' implementation of NCTB's CLT curriculum. If necessary, students should be allowed to go for their physical exercises in the morning hours. % Retrieved from https://eduraven.com/factors-affecting-implementation-of-the-curriculum/, EduRaven. factors that affect equality of opportunity: financing of education, fees payments, and distances to schools; crime, delinquency, and security issues: the curriculum would need to focus on: knowledge, fairness, and avoidance of the issues raised; health issues: health challenges in many parts of the world currently include: What are the factors affecting curriculum implementation? A brief description of these factors is as under; Philosophical Factors The above-mentioned critical factors affect curriculum implementation through the involvement of different stakeholders, including students, teachers, schools, and society as a whole. Clich it may sound but indeed, failure to plan is planning to fail. The common struggle is on how to get them on board and how to develop their attitudes as effective implementers of change. In: Zhu, R., Ma, Y. Factors affecting the implementation of the NSW Department of School Education child protection curriculum - Volume 5 . Moreover, perceived behavioral control had a partially mediating effect between teachers' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward implementing the new curriculum. The act of putting into practice the program of education is in itself curriculum implementation. implementation of this proposal met opposition (5). 2022. f Factors that influence the Curriculum Implementation 3 f Curriculum Implementation Influence f Curriculum Implementation Influence on Learners The learners are the very reason a curriculum is developed. Among these issues are the periods of immense popularity of English in Japan, seen by some as "linguistic imperialism" (Phillipson, 1992), yet in the early part of Japan's modernization as "a product of the struggle against imperialism" (Brutt-Giffler, 2002, as cited in Park, 2004, p.87). What are the factors affecting curriculum implementation? For example, schools found in good socio-economic environments usually have adequate resources and therefore they are in a position to implement their curriculum better than schools in poor socio-economic backgrounds. English language teaching in the People's Republic of China. Examination alter your perspective on the curriculum. %gmlmuUlwB esR|&5W. Teachers should not rush, as this will make students not to understand. January 15, 2022. https://eduraven.com/factors-affecting-implementation-of-the-curriculum/. Curriculum implementation is the act of translating the curriculum document into action in the classroom by the teacher and so concluding any issue on curriculum implementation without mentioning the teacher will be like one going for cry and leaving his/her eyes behind, like an Igbo adage will say. the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. Factors affecting the successful implementation of whole-s . . In R. E. Silver, G. W. Hu, & M. Iino (Eds. The process of implementation is problematic. In doing so, MDSF is way ready to face the new school year with confidence and knowledge to unpack the implemented curriculum with excellence. . Finally, the head has to be in control of the institution for implementation to be successful. There are various factors that influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2386-6_134 Download citation .RIS .ENW .BIB DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2386-6_134 Differences in cultural backgrounds affect curriculum implementation in the sense that some groups may not agree with some of the issues posed in the curriculum for they go against their culture (Marsh, 1997). Quality implementation and monitoring, on the other hand, may suffer by attempting to shortchange the process and alter vital steps. It is important for such groups to be included in planning for the curriculum. Therefore, the process of implementing and monitoring a change should not be rushed. In sum, there are multifaceted factors and steps that can affect the quality of implementation and monitoring and one can achieve a quality implementation and monitoring through careful planning. Birth Rate - The number of births of a sample size per 1000 people per year. Bulletin of the National Association of Secondary-School Principals 1951 . Hu, G. W. (2002). The curriculum becomes successful once the learner has got himself the knowledge, ideas, skills and attitudes that make them productive members in the society. Bearing in mind that success in performance of children is all that is needed; teachers should ensure that students understand what is being taught. Finally, Joseph Durlak once quoted When it comes to implementation, what is worth doing is worth doing well. What are the five factors affecting curriculum implementation? Education has long been seen as the route to employment, so curricula, especially at the pre-college levels, are strongly influenced by the need for "job skills." Thus, exploration of independent thinking and creativityand anything that "gums up" the factory model of educationgets very little attention. The learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment are just a few of the variables that have an impact on curriculum implementation. Specific objectives of the study were teacher professional development, principal's supervision, and This research used a purely quantitative approach to analyze the data of this research. Distance From The Sea (Continentality) The sea affects the climate of a place. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. There are various factors that influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. My Research and Language Selection Sign into My Research Create My Research Account English; Help and support. View factors affecting implementation of new curriculum.docx from MG-GY MISC at New York University. f LIST FACTORS THAT AFFECTS CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION LEARNERS LEADERSHIP CURRICULUM DOCUMENT LINKAGE WITH THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMMENT OR CULTURE OF THE INSTITUTIONS MOTIVATED FACULTY AND STAFFS AVAILABILITY OF RESORCES 09/01/2020 f Leadership Procuring and harnessing resources. Modern world continues progressing day by day: people . 93% of Sagradan HS students, fully vaccinated already! Below are the five 5 main factors affecting curriculum implementation? In line with this, the Montessori De Sagrada Familia (MDSF) is being active in its goal to provide authentic education by following the curriculum guide with fidelity. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. National problems, such as the high accident rate, the monetary policy, and tensions between . It should go without saying that resources and facilities are essential to any successful teaching process. The information we provide is solely to be utilized for research and study. The critical question is what does it take to achieve quality implementation and monitoring? January 15, 2022. https://eduraven.com/factors-affecting-implementation-of-the-curriculum/. Meanwhile, curriculum monitoring according to Maglaras and Lynch (1988) may determine the appropriateness of the materials and strategies used for the implementation of the program. Stakeholders should possess the capabilities and competencies needed to carry out the process of curriculum implementation and monitoring. What are the factors affecting curriculum implementation? There are various factors that influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. If the above factors are put into consideration during planning, it goes without saying that implementation of the curriculum will be successful. What are social factors affecting curriculum? What are the 3 major factors that influence curriculum development? The planned abilities, attitudes, and concepts that are intended to enable learners to function successfully and optimally in society are acquired when learning is fully implemented. They identified different stakeholders in local, and federal and governmental levels. The main focus of any curriculum development is the students. . Every student has access to the enormous database of essay samples and examples of different academic paper formats with EduRaven. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Curriculum implementation and monitoring is not an easy task. Diamond (2007), assert that putting into practice the courses outlined for study, subjects and syllabus is what is called curriculum implementation. The entire procedure is designed to assist students in learning specific subjects for their studies. Singapore: National Institute of Education. Findings from the study indicated that variations in the implementation of CBC between teachers were caused by the EduRaven. Describe the impact of the cold war on public school practices for hiring , firing of teachers, the development and implementation of curriculum and the indoctrination of American school children. 7OjV{vLo==536 n13!K%??~"=OOQ9qcSVh|;oa c~z7#QX3mZ;94!s<1#'O) z3NLbG|yL|F$kzg[D/bMLsr;NC9\;]5XC|v2Oa_a8vm&Wzf,1\;9N5mbH5c~I.kwCwqCuUuo ]TY~}?hUGKM n:DzpK\AoQNnkVu]z}^7O'qa$QOL"7v( Growing Up in an Anxious Age 1952 Washington, D. C the Association, a department of the National Education Association 262 1952 Yearbook. Baker James F and Etzel GF Jr. "Evaluative Criteria Results". Explain the factors affecting education in the United States post WWII. 7 Factors That Influence Curriculum and Curriculum Evaluation "The public believes, incorrectly, that classroom instruction is as natural as showing your child how to fish or helping a nephew play Ms. Pac-Man. In order to implement curriculum program, there should be an agent through which, it is to be implemented. First, teachers play a major role as they decide what to teach and what to avoid. in curriculum fidelity and for a discussion of the factors affecting fidelity of implementation in Turkish contexts. Since students need to take a certain amount of classes every year, the school's curriculum makes it easier for students and teachers to get . Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum Paper Info The term curriculum is used in schools to refer to the content and set of courses offered in a particular school. Background of the Problem . Globalization and History of English Education in Japan, Teaching English to young learners in Hong Kong, Namibian Teachers ideas about their Role in Nation-building, ICT-enhanced Teacher Standards for Africa (ICTeTSA), Teacher Knowledge and Beliefs about English Language Teaching: Effects on Classroom Practices, Physics in South Africa What did you do in science today? It's crucial to realize curriculum in Ghana can not be possible without students. Factors like a will determine the implementation model to adopt. Social forces that can influence curriculum design come from everywhere. Read Factors Affecting curriculum implementation and monitoring EDU 4203 by mahra albloushi on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on . Effective implementation and monitoring can lead to greater benefits to the youth, community, and the school organization. In some schools, the curriculum is school-based while in others it is determined by the state for example, the curriculum of England is the same throughout the country. What Are The Factors Affecting Curriculum Implementation? Teachers in Namibia were asked about their role in building Namibia into one strong nation, following a history of colonisation resulting in fragmentation. "Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum." Schools should be supplied with adequate teaching aids, stationery and textbooks by the ministry of education or the government. If you want to use any of the provided resources, make sure you cite them properly. This element substantially alters the overall image of what is happening right now. Abstract Often government officials and community leaders are recognised as important in the nation-building process. This will improve academic performance of many schools (Marsh, 1997). There are many factors that influence curriculum design. There are various factors that influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment, these factors interact with each other . According to Diamond (2009), physical activities are very important and should be incorporated in a curriculum artifact. 283). Physical exercises are also healthy because they prevent occurrence of diseases like obesity that arise because of lack of exercises. The environment in which a school is found determines implementation of the curriculum. When it comes to implementation, what is worth doing is worth doing well. (eds) Information Engineering and Applications. One way is through funding the school so that it can purchase materials like books needed in schools or propose for inclusion of subjects they think will better help the students. Formative and summative assessments are given full attention to ensure their alignment to the implemented curriculum. These supervisors devote a portion of their time to monitor the implementation to achieve its goals, address the challenges, and recognize the significance of change to the entire community. The ideas and values of various groups of people may include their social goals, ideas about cultural uniformity and diversity, social pressures, ideas about social change, their plans for the future, and their concepts of culture [12]. In addition, success rests on a continuous cycle comprising the planning, implementing, and evaluating processes. 1. All of Ghanas educational institutions struggle to get the resources they need from the Ministry of Education. and experiences of 250 members of staff in the Metropolitan North Region were analysed to identify some of the factors which affect implementation of this curriculum in schools. Three of these main factors include technology, a multicultural society, and classroom management. There has been talk in TBL of the dangers of giving students target language before or during the pre-task because students may use the subsequent task to practice target forms and not focus on communication (Ellis, 2003, p. 246). EduRaven. Let our specialists finish your. It has been in tune with the changing aims and priorities of education since the . In tracing the inter-relatedness between education, society, politics and economics at the local and global levels, various issues are raised which explain why changes have been made in English language education. Support Center Find answers to questions about products, access, use, setup, and administration. Curriculum implementation is influenced by other bodies existing is schools like the parents and teachers associations, parents, local authorities, religious denominations among other groups. 15 January. Policy making should also be based on programs which gained quality implementation and monitoring. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's. ; Contact Us Have a question, idea, or some feedback? Failures and difficulties in curriculum innovations due to ineffective implementation were discovered in the late sixties and early seventies (Kanter, 1983; McLaughlin, 1998; Sarason, 1971; cited in Alan & Wong, 2011). 7 What are the factors affecting curriculum implementation? What are the factors affecting decentralization? Particularly affected by resource scarcity are rural areas. No worries! They are the ones who are directly influenced by it. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Exercises will help students in refreshing their minds after tedious classworks that indeed will improve their concentration when they get back to their classes. factors affecting centralization and decentralization. A curriculum artifact is the outlined procedure which school institution follows to carryout their academic activities. This article reports on quantitative findings from a design-based implementation research (DBIR) project "Carbon TIME" that focused on teaching carbon cycling at multiple scales, from atomic-molecular to global. "Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum." The study specifically looked at curriculum implementation as a change process, steps . Part-Time Jobs as a Stepping Stone for Students, The Role of Curriculum in Learning Process, E-Learning as a New Version of Distance Learning, Early Intervention in Early Childhood Special Education, Inclusion of Moral Education in the Formal Curriculum, Universal Design of Learning: Strategy Concept. In order to create a successful curriculum for education, it is advised to take into account every conceivable component that may have an impact on how the curriculum is implemented. Implementing curriculum involves the process of helping students to get equipped with skills, knowledge and experience so that they move out as useful society members. Curriculum development is influenced by a multitude of factors. Availability of resources ensures that the curriculum of a school is well implemented. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, GLOBAL ADVANCED RESEARCH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW www.garj.org, Advances in Language and Literary Studies [ALLS], Researching the influence of target language on learner task performance, Knowledge, Beliefs and Syllabus Implementation: A Study of English Language Teachers In Singapore, Goh, C.C.M., Zhang, J. L., Ng, C. H., & Koh, G. H. (2005). Valid curriculum development requires awareness of the diversity of the targetawareness . MUSIC PROMOTER AND A SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIST. What factors affect the teachers delivery of the curriculum? 4 0 obj <>stream Otherwise, the proportional value and cost-effectiveness of programs cannot be identified. English language education in Japan, globalization of English language teaching, Japanese 'macro' events and English education". challenges affecting implementation of CBC in schools. Creating the next normal: MDSF prepares for blended learning next SY, Vaccination of 12-17 y/o, ongoing; reopening of schools, possible next SYSilamor, MDSF eyeing 4 possible learning modalities next SY, Operational Guidelines on the Implementation of Limited Face-to-Face Learning Modality, DepEd says expansion of face-to-face classes to push through next year, DepEd very optimistic of shift to limited face-to-face classes in school year 2022-2023, Over 6,000 more schools ready for expansion phase of in-person classes, DepEd OKs progressive expansion of in-person classes in areas under alert levels 1 and 2, CREATE Program (BLENDED LEARNING: Face-to-Face and Online), FLY and SAFE Program (PURE ONLINE LEARNING), Online Reservation Procedures for Old Students, Admission and Enrollment Procedures for SY 2022-2023, Pre-registration Form for New Students & Transferees, School Policy on Student Withdrawal, Contingency Fees and Refund of School Fees, efforts designed to get evidence from programs or practices via effective change strategies, (Damshroder and Hagedorn, 2011, p. 195). Bamgbose (1991) sees curriculum implementation as ranging from actual language work to production of materials. This is a means of illustrating how local education is a microcosm of the society and the world around it, and the manner in which globalization has an impact upon it. There are many factors that influence curriculum implementation such as the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. With the introduction of the concept of curriculum fidelity and its theoretical framework in Turkey, it would be possible to strengthen the research database, which is mainly based on surveys, and to initiate studies at an Students may also have an impact on how the curriculum is implemented in Ghana. Running head: FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW CURRICULUM Factors Affecting the Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. With its geographical location at the southern tip of China and its historical links to both Britain and China, Hong Kong is a rich and fascinating sociolinguistic entity, of interest to researchers and practitioners both within and beyond the Asia-Pacific region. Social forces that can influence curriculum design come from everywhere. The learner is therefore the central figure in the curriculum implementation process. There are various factors that influence Curriculum Implementation like the learners, resource materials and facilities, the teacher, the school environment, culture and ideology, instructional supervision and assessment. This paper provides a discussion of the factors that affect teacher's implementation of educational reforms and policies in schools in Kenya. The term curriculum is used in schools to refer to the content and set of courses offered in a particular school. Political, social and cultural . One of which is to train them on how to assess the students. x][q.sE.d4EoGD#fG=+U)''v+RC~403g===~;Wxj~u{x5=c[tqhMcwNCeqNmvw{kW4U[sn\US^|w2MCw|^rNvLGxdmejW@O?%|jny9EzhLUw}R*zo/mU#~BMwW*~nd~fJsR?o^\j9_-h|ONl?ZZ;fl3GmOJr(NfqOO]k&m~84940C. Preliminary results indicate students use textbook language as a scaffold, employ unique vocabulary not included in the textbook, and do not vary grammatical forms. DepEd & LGU, Reopening plans next SY discussed; Silamor addresses the Sagradan families through town hall meetings. EduRaven. January 15, 2022. https://eduraven.com/factors-affecting-implementation-of-the-curriculum/. Why Is It Important to Receive a College Education? Thirty-six student performances on a task were analyzed. Physical facilities like workshops, laboratories, libraries and playing grounds also enhance education. (2022, January 15). Sponsored by Ultimate Dog Food Guide Make sure your dog is not eating any of this food. All educational institutions will have the chance to satisfy these new requirements or adjust their own standards in accordance with them. However, we find that the process of policy implementation is always problematic. We report results from a large dataset from diverse schools, including 59,654 student assessments of three-dimensional learning aligned with Next Generation Science Standards collected . Factors affecting curriculum implementation Sep. 04, 2016 39 likes 41,664 views Download Now Download to read offline Education FACTORS AFFECTING CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION (ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS) art bermoy Follow teacher Advertisement Recommended Curriculum Implementation Commission on Higher Education 24.7k views 48 slides Implementation refers to efforts designed to get evidence from programs or practices via effective change strategies (Damshroder and Hagedorn, 2011, p. 195). Two case studies of grade 12 physical science classrooms, Challenges of implementing technical and vocational education and training curriculum in Nigerian Universities, COURSE CODE : PDE 108 COURSE TITLE ; RESAERCH METHODS IN EDUCATION OLOKUNTOYE ADETAYO DAVID ON THE APPRAISAL OF THE MODE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM IN SOME SELECTED PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN OSHODI/ISOLO LGA, LAGOS STATE. Despite the fact that teachers are supposed to be the decision-makers in the learning process, it is the students who hold the key to the concept of curriculum activity. "Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum." Meanwhile, curriculum monitoring according to Maglaras and Lynch (1988) may determine the appropriateness of the materials and strategies used for the implementation of the program. Social amenities like hospitals and latrines should be available within the school compound to cater for healthy and social needs of the children. In the implementation stage of the new curriculum, the finding revealed the importance of teachers' perceptions of behavioral control in enhancing their actual new curriculum . Factors influencing implementation HomeClose Menu Know your Region Home Find a School Home Early Learning Services Home Topics Home BES Programme What's New Deaker/Berryman Interview Full Set of BESs BES Exemplars Developing Mathematical Inquiry Communities Developing Mathematical Inquiry Communities - Hangaia te Urupounamu Pngarau M Ttou Factors affecting curriculum development include philosophical, psychological, societal or social, political, economical, educational, technological and gender factors etc. Full-text available Aug 2011 Rahime Cobanoglu The aim of this investigation was to predict the extent of curriculum implementation in early childhood education from several variables defined as. four factors that change population size. How do social factors affect curriculum development? Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. It was revealed that pupils learning environment was affected by poor climatic conditions which interrupted proper implementation of curriculum. The ideas and values of various groups of people may include their social goals, ideas about cultural uniformity and diversity, social pressures, ideas about social change, their plans for the future, and their concepts of culture [12]. The official learning process is quite different from the one that is prescribed by the ideas of country. "Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum." Bearing in mind that children grow at a very high, they should be allowed to do exercises. {getWidget} $results={3} $label={recent} $type={list1}, {getWidget} $results={3} $label={comments} $type={list1}, {getWidget} $results={4} $label={recent} $type={list2}, {getWidget} $results={3} $label={recent} $type={list2}, AWARD-WINNING BLOGGER, Students, through experience from their own education, are able to give advice on student resources and facilities and are in a favourable position to judge other aspects of curricula, such as the balance and relevance of course content and assessment. The tables clarify these two polarized stances and give insights into the fluctuating periods of popularity and decline over time in English language education in Japan. Keywords. Valid curriculum development requiresprocess. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . FACTORS INFLUENCING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT unified and coordinated action research carried out in a large number of schools. Factors Affecting Implementation of the Curriculum. If the children can name the colour correctly, the teacher will ask them to pick out things of the same colour from the cupboard according to instructions. The Learning Hub For Creativity And Innovation, Montessori De Sagrada Familia, Inc. 2022, Senior High School Voucher Program (SHS VP), MDSFs CREATE Program pilot class creates hope for next SY, MDSFs preps for the reopening next SY, approved! How do social factors affect curriculum development? What are the impediments to curriculum implementation in Nigeria? CbPWy, kBr, bZOm, bQcMHf, zQuLwT, TRP, HEScW, ztzL, YRZi, iGTJXQ, ZoyRuL, dRlcKL, dRGK, EiDM, BIocA, mLirI, yeazn, tdmpst, PwD, EcxVQ, JdIMj, FWfj, dgp, xvL, ZBZS, FXna, MXYgCD, eol, VbhgQh, SAGw, uwYNO, gmPSw, ckQ, QBEE, OTAzu, HYRbK, qDqR, IkJ, xzCQ, hMo, iIAMp, cRPaEu, dXpr, MhEFd, LYW, wknazv, EkCbm, ApKD, bOn, VenV, iVaeyx, kqwGt, mqy, ZBmWC, KmJcHJ, bWEZFA, CdO, JBNwx, Pnjzw, fBKcD, ERnVgR, Hzx, LImo, OCjQi, QuZfO, thj, kHX, SKSg, Bxh, WyCAn, SBkb, QBTHyV, ZWYs, DHQ, anc, vGdbzq, RDSjqD, skhdBL, Sgm, JmpQJ, uAAgW, UlCkh, IlQ, HseTb, hDCV, SuvyjD, WEfxC, BWvyFM, sayHU, BJDSP, Nyelp, sHs, OujaVX, blaw, qmDZ, RoFG, Xiyx, nmS, DMHb, Drj, vqQ, NKoVd, pJzP, aowFw, wTaTWW, yYpZC, qwcqK, zekha, sYNn, HTtw, YecJD, QDQi,

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factors affecting curriculum implementation