Most comprehensive library of legal defined terms on your mobile device, All contents of the lawinsider.com excluding publicly sourced documents are Copyright 2013-, Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System (REESS). There's a sudden energy charge in the research area. LoadThe amount of electric power delivered or required at any specific point or points on an electrical system. Domestic / Non Domestic SupplyA Supply Point with an AQ of 73,200kWH (2500 therms) or less, is deemed as a domestic site. Non-DomesticA supply point with an AQ of 73,200 kWH (2,500 therms) is deemed as a domestic site. Gas Act Owner (GAO)The Gas Act Owner only relates to a meter. If the difference is large, i.e. It aims to promote energy efficiency in the UK by developing a market for energy services and delivering energy efficiency programmes and measures to energy end users. Delivery Charge means the total amount charged to the Authorized User for shipment of the Vehicle(s) from the Delivery Origin to the location(s) designated by the Authorized User on Form A: Mini-Bid Request, and on the Purchase Order. In the cooling mode the heat pump absorbs heat from the space to be cooled and rejects the heat to the outside air. The Tier 2 Non-Fuel Energy Charge is equal to the monthly Tier 2 O&M Rate applied to the Tier 2 kWh. GasificationBreakdown of hydrocarbons into a syngas by carefully controlling the amount of oxygen present. Power Station Gate (PSG)Point at which power station output is metered. Apparent PowerThe product of the voltage (volts) and the current amps. PyrolysisThermal degradation of waste in the absence of air to produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas. This comes from National Grid, and is based on historical usage from previous years. Carbon DioxideAn inert non-toxic gas produced from decaying materials, respiration of plant and animal life, and combustion of organic matter, including fossil fuels. CT MeteringMetering that is 100 amp and above. Some of them are caused by high-energy charged particles penetrating the roof. Voltage TransformerA device that reduces (or increases) the supply voltage for example a 11000/415 Volt transformer would convert volt supply to 415 volt supply. An electric current is a flow of charge, and in a wire this will be a flow of electrons. It is a tax that has been generated to assist areas with high electricity distribution costs. Electrical CellA device which produces or stores electricity. The voltage scale can also be determined via the Line Loss Factor. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Allows the transfer of bill data through a secure channel so that customers can receive their bills in a specified format. Rechargeable Electrical Energy Storage System (REESS) means the rechargeable energy storage system that provides electric energy for electrical propulsion. Greenhouse EffectThe way gases in the earths atmosphere trap heat. Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes charged matter to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.Electric charge can be positive or negative (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). It requires power suppliers to derive a specified proportion of the electricity they supply to their customers from accredited renewable sources. Electric Potential Difference - Definition, Formula, Unit - Teachoo www.teachoo.com. Half Hourly Data (HHD)HHD is the product of the half-hour data meter. EnrichmentPhysical process of increasing the proportion of U-235 to U-238. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy. All electricity generated in mainland UK is put into the National Grid before fed into distribution networks. The more you produce the more you pay. Renewable Obligation (RO)This is the main government market mechanism to support renewable energy. This charge is billed on a cents-per-kilowatt-hour (kWh) basis. Electric charges are of two general types: positive and negative. Line Loss FactorLine Loss Factor codes are used to calculate the related DUoS charges for an MPAN. It can be recovered from reprocessing spent fuel, though some countries regard spent fuel itself as HLW. RegulatorOFGEM is the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, regulating the gas and electricity industries in the UK. It is defined as the amount of work energy needed to move a unit of electric charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field. Annual Service Charge for any period means the aggregate interest expense for such period in respect of, and the amortization during such period of any original issue discount of, Indebtedness of the Issuer and its Subsidiaries. Emissions are controlled by setting a cap on total emissions and allowing the market sector(s) to reach an economically balanced response via trading of emissions allowances. An energy or generation charge is what Direct Energy charges you for your electricity usage. National GridThe National Grid owns the main transmission systems and is responsible for transmitting the electricity from the generator to the local RECs area. District Heating NetworkA district heating system is a network of insulated pipes, which delivers heat (or chilled water) from a centralised energy centre to multiple end users. Carbon TrustAn independent non profit company set up by the Government with support from businesses to encourage and promote the development of low carbon technologies. The loss of power can be caused by kinetic energy (heat) or through defective machinery. Electrical energy is the form of kinetic energy because it produces by the movement of the electrical charges. But, I think you are really looking for the gain or loss in potential energy formula: V = E / q. you just consider the voltage at point A, and the voltage at point B then subtract them. energy charges means the amount (s) payable for the supply of energy comprising the prices multiplied by the number of units consumed plus pass through charges; "equipment" means meters, pipes, conduit, electrical plant, electric lines, and all other apparatus at the supply address (es) to deliver measureandcontrol energy ( including metering The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority, sometimes referred to as GEMA, that acts as our governing body. Where it was once a static, solitary consumer of our planet's resources, it is becoming increasingly E.g. Carbon OffsetA carbon offset negates the overall amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by avoiding the release or removing it elsewhere e.g. GSM, modem, packnet. What is a standing charge? It has to be very good signal for the GSM to work. Carbon Capture / Storage (CCS)A technological solution for capturing carbon dioxide as it is released into the atmosphere from fossil fuels either before or after combustion. Energy is the amount of electricity a generator produces over a specific period of time. Surge Energy's latest twelve months merger & related restructuring charges is -C$3.382 million. q - ee (single electron charge) r = re (electron radius) Charge is wave amplitude at a given distance (r). Energy is the ability to do work. See xoserve. Local Distribution Zone (LDZ)Local Distribution Zone is a Transco defined area for which the total input and output demand can be measured each day. Mains ElectricityElectricity supplied to our homes from the National Grid. Service Industry Code (SIC)The SIC is a standard classification code which identifies the types of business conducted at the site. The CRC is expected to deliver emissions reductions totalling 0.5m tonnes of carbon (Mtc) per year by 2015. Supply Point AQ is the total annual consumption of all meters on a site. Customers with qualifying use will need to submit a VAT Customer Declaration Certificate for each site, to advise us what percentage of the supply meets the qualifying criteria set by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC). OpenSubtitles2018.v3. Electric CurrentThe rate at which electricity flows through an electrical conductor, usually measured in amperes (amps). A capacity charge does not include a commodity charge. Tariff - the customer buys gas at a standard rate and is billed according to the consumption indicated on the meter (used by Residential Business). To use that stored energy, heat is extracted from the earth through a liquid medium (groundwater or an anti-freeze solution) and is pumped to the heat pump or heat exchanger. SupplierA person authorised by a supply licence to supply electricity or gas to the National Grid Network, via the Shipper. Two objects that have an excess of one type of . The majority of scientists agree that the current warming we are experiencing is caused by the release of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels and other industrial processes. Our role is to protect consumers now and in the future by working to deliver a greener, fairer energy system. The scheme is mandatory. It builds on the approach outlined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The kWh charge (consumption) is the measurement of the amount of energy the building uses over the given period of time. This is known as qualifying use. Air Handling Unit (AHU)An equipment package that includes a fan or blower for providing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to a building. These include two payments, the Non-Fuel Energy Charge and the Fixed O&M Charge, which are measured on Available Energy (the Available Energy payments) and two other payments, the Variable O&M Charge and the Fuel Charge, which are measured on Delivered Energy. From Stryer [ 1]: "Many reactions in metabolism are controlled by the energy status of the cell. BatteryTwo or more electrical cells joined together which produce and store electricity. Carbon IntensityThe amount of CO2 emitted for a given volume of electricity. The wind hits the blades of the wind turbine, which rotates like a giant propeller and powers the generator. Net energy billing means a billing and metering practice under which a customer-generator is billed on the basis of net energy over the billing period. Fixed Charges include Standing Charges and Availability Charges. Burning natural gas to produce electricity does emit carbon dioxide, but the emissions are significantly lower than from coal. BurnupMeasure of thermal energy released by nuclear fuel relative to its mass, typically Gigawatt days per tonne (GWd/tU). Mega Watt (MW)Mega Watt - a measure of power, one million watts. It uses telephone technology and holds the ability to transfer data into a billing system. Climate Change ProgrammePublished in 2000, sets out the Government and Devolved Administration strategic approach to tackling Climate Change and meeting the UKs Kyoto target of a 12.5% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2008-2012 and the domestic goal of reducing CO2 emissions by 20% by 2010. Forwards ContractAn agreement to buy electricity from another party at a specified time in the future at a specified price with money changing hands at the delivery date. TriadIt is used to calculate TUoS Charges. Authority, The Read more. The very definition of the home of the future is changing. The main generators of electricity in the UK are National Power, Scottish Hydro, Powergen, Scottish Power and Nuclear Electric. In particular the aims are to minimise the environmental impact of the production and use of energy and to increase the share of new and renewable energy sources in EUs energy balance. Energy Company Obligation (ECO) Warm Home Discount (WHD) Counter fraud for environmental and social programmes; . Facility Charge means one percent (1%) of the Maximum Term Loan Amount. NuclearNuclear is a low carbon energy source. The SOC provides the user with information of how much longer the battery can perform before it needs to be charged or replaced. Load FactorMeasures the relationship between unit consumption and maximum demand and is the percentage capacity utilisation figure of a site's power consumption. Energy CostThis is the cost of the electricity purchased on the wholesale market at the Notional Balancing Point (NBP) to cover current and predicted future usage. The fuse is a thin wire inside a protective case. Supply Offtake Quantity (SOQ)The maximum daily consumption for a supply point. Monthly Charge means the recurring Charges for the relevant Services for the relevant calendar month, net of VAT. It was first defined by Atkinson and Walton who found that it was necessary to take into account the concentration of all three nucleotides, rather than just ATP and ADP, to account for the energy status in metabolism. Each gas has a different global warming potential. Meter Point AQ is the AQ for a particular Meter Point. ShipperA shipper buys gas from producers / importers, transports this through the gas network by National Grid, and sells the gas to its customers. Delivery charges means charges by the seller for preparation and delivery to a location designated by the purchaser of tangible personal property or services. Fixed ChargeA daily, monthly or quarterly charge levied by the supplier and is in addition to the standing charge. there is a large amount of power being wasted, its puts an additional strain on the distribution network. Service Charge means the amount charged for making a service available on line and is in addition to the actual fee for a service itself. However, the availability of gas and the cost is likely to be unpredictable so there could be a risk that when you need the electricity there may not be enough available, or that relying solely on gas fired generation will lead to increases in your energy bills. The use of biomass is classed as a 'carbon neutral' process because the carbon dioxide released during the generation of energy from biomass is balanced by that absorbed by plants during their growth. The rate at which you are using electricity (kW . www.mpas-online.co.uk. Transformers can increase or decrease voltage. Depending on what kVA is requested by the customer, and what Networks are faced with when installing the supply, will determine which voltage scale is required. An ESCo is normally a deregulated organisation set up to provide energy services (electricity, heat and chilled water) to a defined set of users or a local community separate from the incumbent regulated utilities serving the area. Kilovolt Amperes (KVA)Also known as Total Power. another personIProject Manager or any other competent person and notify to the contractor who is directly responsible for supervising the work being executed at the site, on his behalf under their Delegation of Powers of the company. electric charge, basic property of matter carried by some elementary particles that governs how the particles are affected by an electric or magnetic field. This method leads to a 90% reduction in sulphur dioxide from coal fired plants. Carbon TaxA tax levied on fossil fuel usage usually based on the carbon content generally designed to curb use rather than just raise revenue. Fuel Mix Disclosure (FMD)The FMD regulations oblige all suppliers to calculate and publish the fuel source and emissions intensity of all the electricity they supply. Large Supply PointA supply point where the reference consumption actual quantity (AQ) is equal to or exceeds 732,000 kWh/25,000 therms per annum. Where supplies are wholly or partly for domestic or charitable non-business use, that part of the supply qualifies for the reduced rate of VAT. Wind powerThe conversion of energy in the wind into electrical power. In the industry, this element is called Energy at NBP (Notional Balancing Point). Green CertificatesAn official record proving that a specified amount of green electricity has been generated. When the Company meters at a voltage above distribution secondary, the appropriate following reduction factor shall apply to the Distr bution Capacity Charge, Generation & Transmission Capacity Charge, Non-Fuel Energy Charge, and Delivery Voltage Credit hereunder:Metering Voltage Reduction FactorDistribution Primary 1.0%Transmission 2.0%F. {C}6363'>UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)The international framework established in 1992 to tackle the issue of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. Voltage ScalesThe Voltage Scale is not set by the customer, but determined by Networks when the premises supply is connected. Primary energy sources take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy like oil, coal and natural gas and renewable sources like wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower. The initial values for Annual Energy use are designated in Exhibit C, and shall be adjusted annually as soon as reasonably practicable after January 1, but no later than March 1 of each year. CogenerationAlso know as Combined Heat and Power (CHP). Nomination FlowA notice to xoserve from a Shipper to indicate the request for the offer details for a Supply point (transportation, metering, capacity, commodity costs, etc.). Corrector MeterFor sites using large amounts of gas it is often deemed necessary to measure the temperature and pressure variations more accurately rather than just applying a fixed conversion factor. Meter Serial NumberThe number stamped on the front of the meter. Value Added Tax (VAT)VAT is a government-imposed tax on the supply of goods and services. Charge of Electron in eV The electron volt is the unit of energy commonly used in atomic and nuclear physics. Cutting down on waste energy. Positive charges attract negative charges. Data LoggerA device used to record meter readings and automatically transmit them to the meter reading agency. In the summer, the process is reversed and indoor heat is extracted from the building and transferred to the earth through the liquid. These documents set out the framework of regional economic priorities which guide the activities of organisations promoting regional economic development, and are revised at least every three years. Pass Through ChargesCharges that appear on bills to cover the costs of third parties involved in the energy supply chain to deliver power. Describes the interest rate for a whole year, rather than just a monthly fee or rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage, credit card etc. Where, due to the terms of a contract, a supplier has the ability to extend the duration of an existing Fixed Term tariff or apply a new Fixed Term tariff without a consumers positive assent. Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)A multilateral treaty to promote trade, investment and transit of energy products between Contracting Parties and sets a standard for non-discriminatory access to energy supplies. Annual Energy Use means, (i) with respect to the first 5 years following the Effective Date, the annual electricity usage, expressed in kilowatt hours (kWhs), within the Partys respective jurisdiction and (ii) with respect to the period after the fifth anniversary of the Effective Date, the annual electricity usage, expressed in kWhs, of accounts within a Partys respective jurisdiction that are served by the Authority and (b) Total Annual Energy means the sum of all Parties Annual Energy Use. Daily Contract Quantity (DCQ)The quantity of gas to be supplied daily to a site (sales contract) or to a terminal (supply contract). Administration Charge means a charge established in accordance with Chapter 90.50A RCW and Chapter 173-98 WAC, to be used to pay Ecologys cost to administer the State Revolving Fund by placing a percentage of the interest earned in an Administrative Charge Account. Waste ResidueThe portion of the waste stream (domestic and commercial) which cannot currently be recovered or recycled. Wobbe IndexThe gross calorific value of Natural gas divided by the square root of the Relative Density. National Balancing Point (NBP)The point where wholesale gas is traded within the UK. Electric charge, or charge for short, is a fundamental physical property that causes objects to feel an attractive or repulsive force toward one another. Meter Operator (MOp)The organisation appointed to maintain metering equipment. These range from simple one-rated structures (the same price per kW at all times throughout the year) to complex "Seasonal Time of Day" tariffs which are multi-rated. Distribution Network Operators (DNO)Companies that are responsible for operating the networks that connect electricity consumers to the national transmission system and provide interconnection with embedded generation. energy charge. There may be several gas meters at a site, which measure the volume of gas consumed. Power FactorThis relates to how efficiently electricity is used on your site. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Measured in kWh (electricity) or Therms (gas). Smart MeteringThe ability to remotely read non-half hourly (NHH) meters. OfferA notice from XOSERVE to a Shipper in response to a nomination indicating the charges to be levied on a Supply Point. Reactive ChargesCharges applied to a clients invoice in cases where certain suppliers and distribution companies enforce a penalty for Reactive Power use. FuseA safety device, which protects electrical appliances by preventing too much electricity flowing into them. Data is more reliable and more accurate bills are produced. Use our glossary to understand the technical jargon used in the electricity and gas supply industry. Since electrons are so small and one electron will not have much of an effect. Agreed CapacityAn agreed amount of electrical load for a property, as stated in the propertys Connection Agreement with the local Distribution Network Operator (DNO). Energy Charge means a charge for each kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electrical energy; Electricity Charges means service charges in respect of the provision of electricity. Measured in watts and often-expressed in kW or MW. MWhMega Watt hour, one thousand kWh. View Petro-Victory Energy Corp.'s Restructuring Charges trends, charts, and more. Declared Net Capacity (DNC)The highest generation of electricity (assuming that the source of power is available continuously) being maintained indefinitely without causing damage to the plant, minus the capacity consumed by the plant. These particles can interact with each other generating repulsion and attraction forces due to the electromagnetic field that they generate. Maximum Annual Quantity (MAQ)Total quantity of gas to be delivered to the customer sites during the contract year. Sub StationThese play an important part of the national grid. Enriched uraniumUranium in which the proportion of U-235 (to U-238) has been increased above the natural 0.7%. But combined, they produced just 3% of the region's electric energy in 2017. How to complain to your supplier or network. The aim is to capture the vertical movement in the water surface caused by waves and to convert that energy to electricity by turning a generator, Both tidal and wave power are in the early stage of commercial use in the UK. Charge is measured in coulombs (C). The kW charge (demand) represents the amount of energy consumed at a single point in time. Charge Electrons are negatively charged particles and they transfer electrical. Please enable JavaScript in your web browser to get the best experience. Transportation Infrastructure means any highway, road, street or bridge and the necessary safety appurtenances thereto constructed, reconstructed, expanded, improved, or engineered on authority of funds allocated pursuant to Section 164.14 of the Revised Code. In theory, maximum demand should not exceed the agreed capacity at any time. They're not just the gas and electricity you use. Play Video An intuitive way to visualize this is through the car speedometer/odometer metaphor. It is also important that a credible scheme is used. Gas-fired GenerationAround one third of the UKS electricity is currently produced by gas-fired power stations. Light - Photons are a form of energy. Since electrons are so small and one electron will not have much of an effect. Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)IGCC plants initially gasify the raw fuel input, before passing the so-called synthesis gas through a conventional combined cycle set up. Electric potential energy , denoted by U, is a scalar physical quantity that is needed to replace a charge against an electric field. The electric force between charged bodies at rest is conventionally called electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Energy Efficiency Commitment (EEC)Formerly known as Energy Efficiency Standards of Performance (EESoP), is an obligation placed on all domestic energy suppliers to achieve a specified energy saving target through the installation of energy efficiency measures in homes across Great Britain. Photovoltaics (PV)The direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity by the interaction of light with the electrons in a semiconductor device or cell. Biomass & BiofuelBiomass, also known as biofuels or bioenergy, it's obtained from organic matter either directly from plants or indirectly from industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural products. Many generators do not operate at their full capacity all the time. It is set and charged by the local Distribution Network Operator (DNO), according to the kVA of a premise. The specific charge of an atom is the ratio of its electrical charge to its mass. Nuclear PowerGenerates electricity using heat produced by an atomic reaction. Gas SubstationA pressure reduction station located on customers premises where gas is reduced from mains pressure regulated at a medium or low pressure for domestic or industrial use. BiogasBiogas is generated when bacteria degrades biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Capacity Charge means a charge for public facilities in existence at the time a charge is imposed or charges for new public facilities to be acquired or constructed in the future that are of proportional benefit to the person or property being charged, including supply or capacity contracts for rights or entitlements, real property interests, and entitlements and other rights of the local agency involving capital expense relating to its use of existing or new public facilities. These include the costs of keeping your home connected to the energy network, conducting meter readings, and servicing your account. kinetic energy, form of energy that an object or a particle has by reason of its motion. Energy Savings means an amount of saved energy determined by measuring and/or estimating consumption before and after implementation of an energy efficiency improvement measure, whilst ensuring normalisation for external conditions that affect energy consumption; Water Infrastructure Charge means such a charge as is described in section 146(2)(a) of the Water Industry Act 1991; Transportation Service Agreement means the contract between KUB and Customer whereby KUB agrees to provide firm transportation gas service to the Customer. There are two types of charge: positive charge (exhibited by protons ), and negative charge (exhibited by electrons ). ContractAn agreement made between the customer and Shipper defining the rules of the trading relationship. A 1 MW power-generating unit running for 1 hour produces 1 MWh of electrical energy. Distributed and MicrogenerationThis is when electricity is generated for local distribution and is not connected directly to the National Grid. OutstationsCommunications method used to communicate with a meter i.e. Low Voltage (LV)Low Voltage, normally at 240 or 415 Volts. Comprises both active and reactive power. Grid Supply Point (GSP)The (GSP) is the point at which energy is taken from the National Grid transmission system into a local distribution system. Ppt Djy 2011 Topic 5.1 Electric Potential Difference Sl www.slideshare.net. Small Site Peak Daily DemandSmall site PD Demand = Sum of (reference consumption) for all small sites. Charge is a property of a body which experiences a force in an electric field. i.e. Replacement Energy means energy purchased by Buyer as replacement for any Delivery Failure relating to the Energy to be provided hereunder. Transportation network company means a company or organization facilitating and/or providing transportation services using a computer or digital application or platform to connect or match passengers with drivers for compensation or a fee. Capacity ChargeA set charge by the local Distribution Network Operator (DNO) for investment and maintenance of the electricity network, based on the Agreed Capacity of a property. A 1 MW power-generating unit running for 1 hour produces 1 MWh of electrical energy. All proceeds from buyout payments are recycled to suppliers in proportion to the number of ROCs they present. Eligible Renewable Energy Resource or ERR has the meaning set forth in California Public Utilities Code Section 399.12 and California Public Resources Code Section 25741, as either code provision is amended or supplemented from time to time. BubbleAn option in the Kyoto Protocol that allows a group of countries to meet their targets jointly by aggregating their total emissions. Office Of Gas And Electricity Markets (OFGEM)OFGEM is the government regulator for Gas and electricity markets. A written document that suppliers must provide to each customer, each year. if a site has an Availability of 150 kVA then maximum demand should not exceed that figure at any time. The Conversion Factor is taken into account when converting gas usage from volume to energy. Carbon CreditsA credit or permit arising from a greenhouse gas emissions reduction scheme, such as emissions trading, JI or CDM. Bond Service Charges means, for any period or payable at any time, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Bonds for that period or payable at that time whether due at maturity or upon redemption, Mandatory Tender or acceleration. Parallel grid modeThis is where the Cogeneration unit runs in parallel with the grid. Net Energy Output means the Net Electrical Energy delivered by the Project during a given period of time measured in kWh at the Delivery Point. The total energy of a system can be subdivided and classified into potential energy, kinetic energy, or combinations of the two in various ways. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)Founded in 1988, the IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body founded by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The fundamental unit of charge is the coulomb (C). IGCCs can be designed to use a range of raw fuel inputs, including coal, oil products and wastes. The Coulomb constant is the magnetic constant times wave speed squared, over 4. Charge is measured in coulombs (C). For simplicity of reporting, the mass of each gas emitted is commonly translated into a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) amount so that the total impact from all sources can be summed to one figure. Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP)A system in which fuel is used to simultaneously produce electrical (or mechanical) power plus recovere useful thermal energy for use in cooling & heating. See table. This meter sends your consumption record by telephone or radio every half-hour to a central data bank. This fee covers investment and maintenance of the electricity network and can also be called the Capacity Charge. Carbon TradingThe trading of personal, corporate or national credits to maintain and gradually reduce carbon emissions. Landfill GasMunicipal solid waste contains significant portions of organic materials that produce a variety of gaseous products when dumped, compacted, and covered in landfills. Current is a flow of electrical charge. It can be expressed as energy, but it is often expressed as a force, known as Coulomb's law. This value is multiplied by 2 to give the MD on an hourly basis. FlexElectrical wire covered with an insulating material. A positively charged particle is called a cation, while a negatively charged . It is also known as the Conversion Factor and usually set at 1.02264. It is a finance charge expressed as an annual rate. Base LoadBase load is the level below which electricity demand never drops, i.e. Transportation network company driver means an individual who satisfies all of the following: energy storage means, in the electricity system, deferring the final use of electricity to a later moment than when it was generated or the conversion of electrical energy into a form of energy which can be stored, the storing of that energy, and the subsequent reconversion of that energy back into electrical energy or use as another energy carrier. Where VAT is charged at the standard rate but sites are entitled to full or partial relief from CCL, you will need to submit a PP11 Supplier Certificate for each site to advise us what percentage of relief is applicable. Non Half Hourly (NHH) MetersUnlike HH meter a meter reader must visit the site to obtain readings. Alternative energy technology means equipment, component parts, materials, electronic devices, testing equipment, and related systems that are specifically designed, specifically fabricated, and used primarily for 1 or more of the following: Transportation Company means any organization which provides its own or its leased vehicles for transportation or which provides freight forwarding or air express services. Heat RateEnergy input per unit of time, usually expressed in kWh\h or BTU\h. Tariff StructureSuppliers quote for electricity in numerous different formats. ThermsA unit of energy measurement. Gas Transporter (GT)Responsible for maintaining a gas supply network. Involuntary WithdrawalsA shipper receives an involuntary withdrawal when another shipper attempts to confirm one of their sites as their own. Also the exponential decrease in radioactivity of a material as nuclear disintegrations take place and more stable nuclei are formed. The magnitude of the electrical charge of both electrons and protons is the same, but that of electrons is negative. The energy price guarantee is a temporary additional measure to protect consumers from the recent significant increases in wholesale gas prices. CERT is due to run from 2008-2011, Defra will be responsible for setting the CER target for suppliers and OFGEM is responsible for administrating the programme. What it means is that the client is free to renegotiate the contract after 12 months and the supplier will either match the lowest price or release the client from the contract to take up the lowest offer. RatchetingCertain Distribution Networks apply Ratcheting to their MPANs in case the customer should use over their agreed Availability (kVA). 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