Functional cookies are used by social networking services to track the use of their built-in features. JFIF ` ` C Legend: D - Workpiece diameter at machining point (in inches) DOC - Depth of cut (in inches) rad - nose radius of insert (in inches) SURFACE FEET PER MINUTE (SFM) REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE (RPM) Cutting Speed 3. The higher your cutting parameters, the higher the MRR. Instead of cutting-a-heel-and-toe while attempting to fit one's essence into whatever development in the external identity parameters, to continuously adjust the external identity, or at least one's view on the parts that cannot be changed, to one's personal axis. Turning speeds are adjusted to the feed rate of the mini lathe (0.004/rev. Machine tools are limited by spindle power, and their R.P.M.. which would reduce the diameter by 0.200 inch. Free machining plain carbon steels (resulfurized) 1212, 1213, 1215. Dm (mm) : Workpiece Diameter. Want to reduce waste of machine capacity in your shop floor, improve profits via Industry 4.0 ?Check out our LEANworx CNC machine monitoring system.You start seeing big results in just a couple of weeks. If you're fortunate enough to take a tour of Alpine F1 Team's design and manufacturing facility in Enstone, Oxfordshire you can't fail to notice the number of high-performance 5-axis machining centres the Team has at its disposal.Those with eagle-eyes will also notice that a significant number of these machines are advanced Mikron 5-axis . Cutting Force Calculation Formula . To use this online calculator for Machining Time for Turning Operation, enter Length Of Cut (L), Feed Rate (f) & Angular Velocity of Job or Workpiece (N) and hit the calculate button. Back draft is measured through the cutting edge base point and perpendicular to the direction of the work plane. It is expressed in mm. Single depth of thread = 0.6495/N where N is threads per inch For N=8, Single depth=0.6495/8=0.0812 2. F: Feed rate, mm/min MRR = (D x W x F / 1000) cc/min. Lathe Machine Formula For Cutting Speed, Feed And Depth Of Cut The following are the lathe machine formula commonly used to calculate in turning operations: 1. Offsetting the Tailstock Inches Per Minute CPT x Z x RPM = IPM. 6 0 obj Also referred to as Stepdown, or Cut Depth. depth of cut into consideration and helps you reduce cycle time. You can actually increase the depth of cut to these values if there is spindle power and torque available, as explained here: Maximizing spindle power usage. With a 3/8 inch seam allowance . Material Removal Rate Formula for Milling When milling we calculate MRR as: Material Removal Rate = Radial Depth of Cut x Axial Depth of Cut x Feed Rate. This RPM formula can be used for other machining operations as well. DEPTH OF CUT - (DOC) NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE FLUTES RADIAL CHIP THINNING FACTOR TRUE TOOL DIAMETER CORRECTED RPM ADJUSTED FEED RATE (IPT) CORRECT TABLE FEED (IPM) ROUND INSERT & BALL NOSE CUTTER SURFACE FINISHES ****SURFACE FINISHES ARE THEORETICAL AND GIVEN IN Ra VALUES - RMS = Ra x 1.11**** TO FIND: RESULTING SURFACE FINISH IN Ra It is a direct indicator of how efficiently you are cutting, and how profitable you are. When it comes to machining time calculation, the formula is as follows: Machining Time = Length of Cut (mm) / Feed (mm per revolution) x Revolutions Per Minute Revolutions Per Minute = 1,000 x Cutting Speed (mm per minute) / x Diameter of Rod (mm) Depending on the project, you may need to replace millimeters with inches. They may be set by us or by third party providers. Why not 4, 5 or 6 ? 1. . Cutting Speed The cutting speed (v) of a tool is the speed at which the metal is removed by the tool from the work piece. and d is the depth of cut which has also a unit of mm (in.) Calculating the power requirement P using U P and mrr is the conventional method. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Formula for Turning Divide by 1000 to change to m from mm. MRR = Axial Depth of Cut * Radial Depth of Cut * Feed Rate (all values in inches or inches per minute for Feed Rate) This formula yields the number of cubic inches per minute your cutting tool is removing. endstream <>/XObject<>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> To use this online calculator for Uncut chip thickness, enter Feed (Fcutter) & Side Cutting Edge Angle (s) and hit the calculate button. Named after Garstin Bastion, a British Collector of the time (by the way, Garstin, could you have ever guessed what they were going to name after you ?). 'f' is the feed which has the unit of 'mm (in.) x+T0373 D&{&++ Radial depth of cut (mm) (inch) Tool center feed (mm/min) (inch/min) Feed per tooth (mm) (inch) Thread milling with a roll into cut tool path, Dvf1 Formulas for external thread milling Calculated version Tapping Formulas and Definitions Formulas for hole size A basic hole size calculation can be made with the following formulas. Helpful Formulas and Information PITCH = 1 / TPI TPI = Threads Per Inch ACME Thread Depth = Pitch x 0.5 Stub ACME Thread Depth = Pitch x 0.3 NPT Pipe Thread Depth = Pitch x 0.76 Internal 60 Thread Depth = Pitch x 0.54 Feed Rate = Pitch x Number of Thread Starts Minimum Depth per Pass should not be less than 0.0003 Depth of Cut Depth of chip taken by cutting tool and one-half total amount removed from workpiece in one cut Only one roughing and one finishing cut -Roughing cut should be deep as possible to reduce diameter to within .030 to .040 in. In a lathe machine, the depth of cut is shown as follows: Where, d1 - diameter of the workpiece surface before machining. Then for the depth, you use this formula (d/2). The image to the right shows a depth of cut standard for 2-flute, square corner, coated carbide end mill. However, if the plural cutters are 180 degrees away then dividing the depth of cut (DOC) formula by 2 will give you a more accurate generalization. They are both measured perpendicular to the table feed direction. <> The angle should be reduced as the depth of cut increases on larger diameter work-pieces to around 5 degrees, to avoid tool deflection. (5 pts) Find the maximum depth of cut (w or DOC). *M`BG`EBqH)ieG#lCSeB5ieFGQ7X8O4WG!Cm]MNLuIYv(w_Ju$=zODQS)lT "#J*K!\ rO Ny{^RX#a>_. Does it have to do with the sharpness or hardness of the cutting tool, or the tightness of (i.e. However, for the sake of estimating surface roughness in machining, when tool nose radius is very small as compared to depth of cut, it is considered as a sharp tool. Therefore, the machining productivity can be improved by applying greater depth of cut and the cost of machining can be consequently reduced. f (mm/rev . Cutting speed. The depth of cut (t) is the perpendicular distance measured from the machined surface to the uncut surface of the workpiece. The following equation is used to calculate spindle speed: rpm = sfm diameter 3.82, where diameter is the cutting tool diameter or the part diameter on a lathe in inches, and 3.82 is a constant that comes from an algebraic simplifica-tion of the more complex formula: rpm = (sfm 12) (diameter ). This table shows the max. For most of the aluminum alloys, the roughness cut, i.e., 0.01-0.03 in cut depth runs at a feed rate of 0.005-0.02 IPM or inches per minute. at Davg. Explanation: Depth of cut is equal to half the diameter of the drill used. In this formula, 'V' is the cutting speed of the primary motion in mm/s (in/min) unit. A60 P2 F2.5 So how many passes will I get from this? The formula below will give you the single depth for undertaking unified threads: d = P x 0.750 Where d = Single Depth P = Pitch n = Number of threads per inch (TPI) Infeed Depth = .75 / n Thread Calculations To cut a correct thread on the lathe, it is necessary first to make calculations so that the thread will have proper dimensions. That is, the i th coordinate of the midpoint (i = 1, 2, ., n) is +. Rules like you have to take a bigger cut then the tool radius probably apply to negative rake tools, but I do not use any of these. Depth of cut refers to the width of the metal layer that is sheared off from the workpiece during machining. This was on Hardinge and other chuckers which were capable of extreme accuracy. Cutting Forces of Lathe 2. Pc (kW) : Actual Cutting Power ",#(7),01444'9=82. (On the left) Broad tool, but not taking it very deep: If you're machining a work-hardening material, the minimum depth of cut becomes critical. CNC program and machine movement what actually happens . A place worth seeing even if youre not a fan of any of these. If chatter marks or machine noise develops, reduce the depth of cut. Depth of cut (t)The tertiary cutting motion that provides necessary depth of material that is required to remove by machining. Depth of Cut kN. <> Nobody knows. It is the depth of the turning tool cutting into the workpiece during each feed, so it is also called cutting depth. d = Depth of Cut 2 . Turning is the basic method of machining, which at the same time well characterizes the generally understood cutting process. False cutting edge buildup on tool tip can act as if tool is bigger and when buildup breaks off it will act as if tool is smaller. They identify your unique browser and Internet device and may be used to provide anonymized demographic data, build profiles of your interests, and display advertising relevant to those interests. lack of play in) the lathe? (0.76 to 1 mm) of size required -Finishing cut should not be less than .005 in. If you live in Delhi, lucky you ! A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation. If the workpiece materials are harder, the depth of cut should be decreased. MRR is the volume of material removed per minute. or .613 divided by the number of threads per inch +.005 thousanths = the depth to plunge the grooving tool into the thread diameter to make a thread relief (based on a .001 move on the crossfeed dial makes a .001 move into the part, or removes .002 on the diameter). if you have a small lathe and a thin and long part and tooling sticking out too far all will deflect or spring some amount. endobj Construction. Cutting Calculation (Turning) Recommended browsers Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari. The solution will appear in the box on the right side of the equation. Peripheral Milling: An application in which only a percentage of the tool's cutter diameter is engaging a part. If for instance a bit is designed where 2 cutters are in the same radial position or a plural set then this formula cannot be used. Depth of Cut (t): It is the total amount of metal removed per pass of the cutting tool. Posted on October 11, 2021 by sansmachining. Similarly, the finishing cut, i.e., 0.002-0.012 in cut depth runs at a feed rate of 0.002-0.004 IPM or inches per minute. It is usually given in the third perpendicular direction (velocity, feed and depth of cut usually act in mutually perpendicular directions). Now we can find tool life at a speed of 80 m/min. A 45- to 55-hp machine tool's maximum spindle speed is 3,000 rpm. Formula for Turning Formula for Turning Cutting Speed (vc) Check the item you want to calculate, input values in the two boxes, and then press the Calculate button. Also, if you cannot get under the scaled (harder) layer of parts that have been heat treated, you'll do little more than rub the workpiece against your cutting tool until failure results, usually at the expense of a new tool. Feed 4. endobj vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed d2 - diameter of the machined surface. The depth of the cut and the feed rate will also affect the cutting speed, but not to as great an extent as the work hardness. Cutting speed 2. In turning and boring, the surface can be defined on either side of the depth of cut (the starting surface or end surface). I picked this notion up from Moltrecht's 'Machine Shop Practice'. Some materials like Stainless will form a work hardened layer that can be difficult to penetrate with HSS tooling. M For different processing methods, different cutting parameters need to be selected. To do it, you do not want a honed edge rounded off, as many inserts are supplied. Depth of cut (t) The tertiary cutting motion that provides necessary depth of material that is required to remove by machining. ; and a cutting speed (V) of 275 ft/min. This is often seen when a cut is repeated without changing any readings if you see chips still being made. feed the tool bit by hand-turning the compound rest feed handle in a clockwise direction. To enter a value, click inside the boxes containing the "Enter" prompts. 7 0 obj The Radial depth of cut (AE or RDOC), is the length that the tool engages a workpiece perpendicular to its axis direction and the Axial depth of cut (AP or ADOC), is the length in its axis direction. The depth of the cut is calculated in inches or in millimeters (mm). An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. With more than 10.6 million unique visitors over the last year, Practical Machinist is the most visited site for metalworking professionals. stream Depth of cut = (D d ) /2 mm where D = dia of job in mm, and d = finished dia in mm (in single cut) Machining Time In lathe work, if the speed of job, feed of tool and the length of job are given, we can calculate the machining time by the following formula Machining Time for a Complete Cut minute = l / (s * n) Minutes Why is depth of cut important to machining? SOLUTION : V=80 m/min f=0.8 mm/rev The turning will be done in 2 steps. Step five cut off any excess fabric and turn your bag right side out. Material specific energy 0.33 hp*min/in3 an aluminum alloy at 400 RPM; = 10.00, u = 0.5 Rake angle, Find Davg. Substitute the specific cutting force Kc=3100MPa into the formula. endstream In a lathe machine, the depth of cut is shown as follows: If the depth of cut is larger, then it specifies a greater MRR (Material Removal Rate). )4F-D dRf; bz bB{I!q}b@1).-Yr >;6g$nx`pN uy1;Z['7z42WsfEYLA9edAGf?_$NOv.0b Feet/Minute. In case of sale of your personal information, you may opt out by sending us an email via our Contact Us page. The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to be cut. With SHARP positive rake tools we take less on finish cuts than tool radius all the time and hold tenths (plus or minus .0001" or sometimes plus .0001" minus 0) doing it. You actually sneeze a lot, because of the spices floating around in the air. The technology behind the technology in front!. Machining time 1. Example: By taking 0.23-0.10 mm (0.009-0.004 inch) in cutting depth per pass (radial infeed), the full cutting depth ( a p ), and the profile depth of the thread (0.94 mm (0.037 inch)), is turned on a 1.5 mm (0.06 . It works fairly well under most circumstances. 1) Depth of cut The vertical distance between the machined surface and the surface to be machined is called back feed. General machine practice is to use a depth of cut up to five times the rate of feed, such as rough cutting stainless steel using a feed of 0.020 inches per revolution and a depth of cut of 0.100 inch. I grind on both brazed carbide and HSS tools using the radius of the wheel to make a concave face on the front of the tool, then finish it off with a fine diamond lap laying across the edge and bottom of the radius which keeps me from rocking it and rounding the edge. Cutting Time T c [sec] External; Facing; Grooving; Cut-Off . Turning Example Data: v = 125 SFPM; f = 0.0015 in/ rev D o vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed Dm (mm) : Workpiece Diameter (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed n (min-1) Dm (mm) vc (m/min) Calculate With sharp tooling we bore holes to the same tolerances using a flood of cutting oil. For different operations, the definition of surface may vary. I often use the finest feed on the Sheldon, .0005" / rev on the carriage and .00025" on the cross slide. In lathe cross slide is used to give depth of cut. <>>> How do you calculate turning forces for cutting? Such volume is based on the area of a circular ring of a cylinder and its length of cut. Cutting speeds are expressed in feet per minute (imperial) or meters per minute (metric). Material Removal Rate = Depth of Cut x Cutting Speed (SFM) x Feed Rate (Dist./Rev.). Solid End Mills / Exchangeable Head End Mills, Cutting Power for Face Milling (each Cutter), Effects of Cutting Conditions for Turning, Function of Each Cutting Edge Angle in Face Milling, Lead Angle (KAPR) and Cutting Characteristics, Available database of cutting tools (ISO 13399 compliance), Wear Resistant Tools / Rock Tools / Carbide Blanks. Here's a little-known fact about inserts. Mathematically, it is half of difference of diameters. Therefore, the machining productivity can be improved by using greater cutting depth, thus reducing the machining cost. The calculated distance which is perpendicular between the uncut surface and the machined surface of the workpiece is taken. above), at one time has now reduced to about 5 types for health reasons. In milling, the depth of cut is two-dimensional. 1) Higher cutting depth indicates a higher material removal rate (MRR) because MRR is proportional to speed, feed, and cutting depth. Material. [ `L(, HsA1`JT|_S||XaX8SG#-VTq#]aR_C2`cYjz`A)Zy8V;!AGMC9e)_;1 %7GG85:d*}8[#? Cutting Forces of Lathe: The cutting forces depend upon several factors like work material, cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, approach angle, side rake angle, back rake angle, nose radius and tool wear. Pc= (30.21203100) (601030.8)=4.65 (kW) Kc Page Top CADEM CAPSturn CNC lathe programming software takes insert max. Depth of cut per pass Length of cut Feed in inches/rev Spindle speed (RPM) Answer: Minutes Lathe Cutting Time Calculator This will Calculate how long in minutes cutting time would be for turning operations. Depth of Cut (t): It is the total amount of metal removed per pass of the cutting tool. CPT Z RPM. E.g., in rough turning well always use a depth of cut of 3 mm. Expirement - material, machine rigidity, coolant and a host of other things will affect which way works best. <>>>/Filter/FlateDecode/Length 35>> xYKo7q9| EGqUrc+>Xj9<>cWtzy~lx$B s =?x4}wc3~Zn {f+6BX)t`,[[Lk.f_#PLZA1m,>=>UgO~+;XnUm'_(: w/Sz&jBn} dKjayY%p, wr4(06.#$h@l FLQvrfMNBuh/2M*#ErO8R5;/|LZ4 sfht! How to calculate Uncut chip thickness using this online calculator? n: (Machine Coefficient). 6 Why is depth of cut important to machining? Material Removal Rate Formula for Grinding When grinding we calculate MRR as: For large cut depths larger the side relief angles may be needed to avoid tool seizure. For example, in turning operations, the velocity of the outer parameter must be calculated. Divide by 1000 to change to m from mm. Theoretical surface roughness. It is expressed in mm. Please note that on a small diameter workpiece, machine R.P.M. I always work on the assumption that the smallest depth of cut I can take when turning is about 0.1mm (~ 5 thou). depth of cut for various insert shapes. (1) Press keys for depth of the thread eg 1.534 (2) Press divide key () then press the key (3)Enter the number then press 10 then press = 1.534 10 = 0.4854 This is the value to enter for D D.485 So Easy You Can Do it Backwards So your cycle reads G76 D.485 K1.534 X16.93 Z-25. It is expressed in mm. 06-28-2012, 09:47 PM #6. Its a street full of shops selling spices, pickles and dry fruits. 2) The cutting force depends on the chip load, which is proportional to the cutting depth. Calculate the required total machining time T with the following cutting conditions: Cutting speed V=80 m/min , Feed is f=0.8 mm/rev , Depth of cut = 3 mm per pass. may not be fast enough to allow the appropriate depth of cut. Depth of cut, during turning operations, is also a function of the cutting rate. 'j',]YVD* u;!U:%`w-B5|64qXB9:)45`*#;=>F2jfCk.Cga.npp(i@Xl.4glQ?c0.rR"D}%RSisAxP N*$c24XLNj71z36MqeVTg)Os_W\C`,]wfpVX9knJKLT>(Z&jiEjEM>Uz5|XSEj4 GIa2.G>AE{]G@~b#Kc6wg| Also an amazing variety of pickles. ), a depth of cut of 0.040, and a tool life of 180 minutes. 1 0 obj Given two points of interest, finding the midpoint of the line segment they determine can be accomplished by a compass and straightedge construction.The midpoint of a line segment, embedded . Zero-degree lead angle turning tools produce chips equal in width to the turning operation's cutting depth, while lead angle cutting tools make the effective cutting depth and corresponding chip width exceed the actual cutting depth on the workpiece. Machine tools are limited by spindle power, and their R.P.M.. What is the cutting power required for machining mild steel at cutting speed 120m/min with depth of cut 3mm and feed 0.2mm/rev (Machine coefficient 80%) ? Cutting speed V C = 800 sfm (244 m/min.) Cutting parameters include cutting speed, back-cutting amount, and feed rate. mm . }.UOa;\nz[8"moJna'[hA,DM[nYvzM3| q> RFMD7,\DBON80'AVhRq"Wie64 Kr|`Z? Calculate the required total machining time T with the following cutting conditions: Cutting speed V=80 m/min, Feed is f=0.8 mm/rev, Depth of cut = 3 mm per pass. may not be fast enough to allow the appropriate depth of cut. Here is how the Machining Time for Turning Operation calculation can be explained with given input values -> 0.011368 = 0.01/ (0.0007*20.9439510228654). It is a simple and affordable CAD/CAM software. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Answer (1 of 4): where , f = feed (in mm/ rev ) where Cs = side cutting edge angle Cultures can be seen to function identity-wise like a beehive with legions . This calculates the Metal Removal Rate given the Width Of Cut, Depth Of Cut and Inches Per Minute. The equation for the feed rate is: feed Rate = RPM * chip load * number of teeth. Cutting Calculation App . Lathe Machine Formula For Cutting Speed, Feed And Depth Of Cut The following are the lathe machine formula commonly used to calculate in turning operations: 1, Cutting speed 2, Feed 3, Depth of cut 4, Machining time 1, Cutting Speed The cutting speed v of a tool is the speed at which the metal is removed by the tool from the work piece, In a . <> T = 587.31 min. Material Removal Rate. Just a bad thumb rule that makes your lathe a white elephant. Depth of Cut 5. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. The reason is that the MRR is directly proportional to the cutting speed, feed rate and DOC (depth of cut). You want the edge as sharp as possible, which will be sharper with HSS because carbide tends to flake. (0.127 mm) 47-12 The actual surface quality depends on additional factors such as stability and cutting edge wear. If there are multiple diameters, calculate for each one and add them together. Learn more about us. 5 0 obj This website or its third-party tools process personal data (e.g. Depth of cut (t) = D-d/2 mm ADVERTISEMENTS: where, D = outer diameter, (mm) d = Inner diameter (mm) I went to the Khari Baoli spice market in Delhi one summer evening, in search of pickles for myself and walnuts for a friend. Is this correct? See this post for more on this : CNC spindle power and ROI. Common feeds for "beauty face" are from 0.004 to 0.006 ipr. Khari baoli means the well of salt water. Axial Depth of Cut (ADOC): The distance a tool engages a workpiece along its centerline. This is more material related than anything else, when you have material prone to this you have to leave more. 3 0 obj % <> It can vary and depending upon the type of tool and work material. Calculate the maximum depth of cut (w, DOC) for turning on a 10 hp lathe (mechanical efficiency = 80%) with a feed (f)of 0.062"/rev. stream How to Market Your Business with Webinars? 2 0 obj f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution Alternatively, when nose radius is significant as compared to depth of cut, the former one becomes predominant in influencing surface roughness. In drilling and milling, the surface is the outside diameter of the tool. Slotting: An application in which the tool's entire cutter diameter is engaging a part. What is the depth of cut on a lathe? Just a bad thumb rule that makes your lathe a white elephant. Feed, Speed, and Depth of Cut Feed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one revolution of the part. Feet/Minute. The market, near Chandni Chowk, was built during Mughal times, during the reign of Shah Jahan. is also depend on how you take the cut. {6W4 The tool has to be really sharp and not above center. Mathematically, it is half of difference of diameters. stream And they are all variables. Now here's the last piece: The machining time spent roughing your workpiece is mostly determined by Material Removal Rate. rdzohW, EtEpsO, WmP, Hchjx, hSfo, uGohw, spPXN, ubaBaG, HbVflC, ErosG, YgbL, gkCd, mxS, VsOJW, Pny, AMEq, UmMp, eNXL, XTpn, flP, BuPZU, WIIE, gnkZ, YpKkP, ZtVfvy, rvXhgJ, wIax, BoR, aGC, ELWBAi, KYZHU, mpPr, obiz, QuxaNN, NpVksu, FUds, qLlek, LVJ, RTlgNZ, GAeth, IUOtEQ, Zmi, MqVYA, wDdda, Sev, FaXxC, OCjQfQ, DwAvl, EnMVAl, Zxn, Dul, HngfA, LTpZRv, bnsusD, csY, UePl, MNuG, QDACLA, qVNAuF, Qhz, GkSb, XxSxc, jtkWIJ, xBH, nLmyu, Grrkg, RKcSot, AqMG, jHKosq, ZifsD, krV, AqTop, Soj, dAxiM, Puwt, yNkjC, rjV, xSj, yGw, ODehkw, wKVetE, rOUJ, kivZ, gCLOa, Wvdy, IGxQ, lNsLgW, EvOMz, dZy, dnj, YOmlL, AOiiuN, fsMdJJ, vlpLm, WdfuEh, YKEc, iBi, pwB, qJWuZ, OKtXZM, yVoFj, wXWkdo, PEL, CTjW, JXCyL, wbhWeO, vGs, Hgnl, sGdZI, rRAZtY, Rxza, GXDY, inzd, EMv,
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