[4] Although some wanted a national park to be located in the Whiteshell, a majority voted in favour of locating it in Riding Mountain. Cautious navigation remains required for those who do not have significant experience of hiking this trail. After Chief Okanese's death in 1870, his son Mekis became chief. Save on your golf equipment needs with free shipping and guaranteed lowest prices. Because of its geological and natural history interest, it was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1969. Cedar Spring is flowing weakly both above and below the trough (starting 60 feet upslope from the trail that leads to the campsite). The Weather section below is updated. They should no longer be relied upon for anything other than emergency filtering. It appears to be either an outlier to the east of the main mass of Catoctin Mountain, or a root remnant of the ancient Appalachian mountains.. [21] His former living quarters, now known as "Grey Owl's Cabin", are reachable via a park trail.[21]. The switchbacks up to Tahquitz Peak average only 20% icy snow cover, but the frequency and length of ice patches increases on the uppermost switchbacks. Forecasts are increasingly confident of a moderate storm on Sunday 11th, with up to 1.5 inch of rain at the elevation of Idyllwild, turning into 1-3 inches of light snow on Sunday night, while 8-14 inches of snow are forecast for the high country. The North Fork of the San Jacinto River is flowing weakly, but reliably, at about 6.0 L/min where it crosses the Deer Springs Trail (photo below) and more weakly downstream where it crosses the Fuller Ridge Trail on the PCT (approx. A combination of evacuation order and evacuation warning was recently issued for a huge area south and west of Highway 74 and north of Highway 371, roughly Mountain Center to Thomas Mountain and south to Anza.]. [91] In spite of these difficulties, the Park Commission had completed most major land purchases by 1932. ], [UPDATED Thursday 8th September @ 0930: I have just added some photos from our morning hike to Tahquitz Peak, below the more dramatic photos and video from last night.]. Weather forecasts continue to predict our first (albeit minor) snow storm of the season on 2nd-3rd November. The temperatures continued warming until around 6,000 years ago, when they began to gradually grow cooler. [UPDATED Friday 9th September @ 1130: I am currently at San Jacinto Peak having hiked up this morning to observe Tropical Storm Kay, more on this in a subsequent posting. Black Mountain Road also closed on 7th November to vehicle traffic at the gate 1.7 miles up from Highway 243. A tiny pool remains as a useful emergency water source for dogs. While all time and labor is volunteered, the San Jacinto Trail Report depends on your small private donations to cover our costs. Hikers should be prepared for continuing hot and humid weather, with overnight low temperatures forecast to remain about 5-15F above seasonal into September, and daytime highs typically at or above seasonal averages (with the exception of 26th-28th). The nearby Round Valley creek dried up in May. Above Little Round Valley there are at least half-a-dozen tracks ascending toward San Jacinto Peak, none of which entirely accurately follow the established trail route. Vehicles not parked in these spaces may be ticketed and/or towed. At the Peak on Wednesday 9th November 2022 at 0820 the air temperature was 14.5F (-10C), with a windchill temperature of -7.8F (-22C), 100% relative humidity, and a sharp due West wind sustained at 20 mph gusting to 30.5 mph. Longer hikes to Thunderhead Mountain and Rocky Top (made famous by the popular song) also begin in the cove. Apache Spring (N 33 43 11, W 116 37 13) Flowing weakly, but the spring box remains full. [45], Timber rattlesnakesone of two venomous snake species in the Smokiesare found at all elevations in the range. The orange- to sometimes red-flowered and deciduous flame azalea closely follows along with the Catawbas. Given colder temperatures for the foreseeable future, melting is expected to slow (or almost stop in the high country) and spikes will remain recommended well into December at least. A major change to the weather might occur next week (see Weather section below) with forecasts suggesting a possible double storm system impacting the San Jacinto mountains, and cold temperatures at all mountain elevations for a week at least. On the Tennessee side, 74% of Cocke Countians, 80% of Blount Countians, and 96% of Sevier Countians voted against secession. The rain has becoming heavier in the past hour or so. All springs at Wellmans Cienega are flowing extremely weakly for the time of year. Many wildflowers grow in mountains and valleys of the Great Smokies, including bee balm, Solomon's seal, Dutchman's breeches, various trilliums, the Dragon's Advocate and even hardy orchids. Wolf packs do not roam this region due to extirpation. Download the Go Outdoors Virginia App . [50] The Central, Baldy Lake and Strathclair trails are easy cycling trails while the Packhorse, Jet and Baldy Hill trails are more difficult[50] On most back-country trails horse use is allowed, equipment being provided by local outfitters. However excellent well-traveled and compacted tracks are now in place for most of the major trails (details below). Icy snow cover is 80% overall, becoming increasingly patchy below about 7000 ft, and again in the sun-exposed areas above 8000 ft. Spikes are recommended, at least for descending. This situation has been reported to USFS. [20] Belaney, who adopted the name Grey Owl when he took upon a First Nations identity as an adult, was a writer and became one of Canada's first conservationists. As timber resources in these regions became exhausted, and as the demand for lumber skyrocketed after the Civil War, entrepreneurs began looking for ways to reach the virgin forests of Southern Appalachia. The park was established in 1934, and, with over 11 million visits per year, it is the most visited national park in the United States. New Englanders call such places notches while westerners refer to them as mountain passes. At an elevation of 5,046 feet, Newfound Gap is the lowest drivable pass through the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Temperatures that have been far above seasonal since 30th August will continue until 8th September. The North Fork of the San Jacinto River is flowing gently, but reliably, at about 8.0 L/min where it crosses the Deer Springs Trail. [UPDATE 1st December 2022: the double storm system that looks likely to bring significant precipitation to northern and central California appears to be missing the San Jacinto mountains, despite optimistic forecasts over the previous week. [4][5][6], The Okanese Band, now called the Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation, lived in the area around Wasagaming, in the valley of the Little Saskatchewan River. Even as melting proceeds steadily (details below), trails are very icy due to daily freeze/thaw cycles and compaction from hiker traffic, and spikes are recommended throughout the trail system above about 8000 ft (lower in places). Details and a map are available here. Other springs on this trail had been dry for months before the passage of Tropical Storm Kay, and five days later were already functionally dry again. In Idyllwild (at 5550 ft) there was brief light drizzle in early afternoon also, enough to dampen surfaces but not even adding up to 0.1 inch. The State Park cut about a dozen trees on the section of trail under their jurisdiction in late July. Flash flooding often occurs after heavy rain.[9]. It begins near the entrance to the museum and is stroller-accessible. [77] In the North Carolina SmokiesCherokee, Haywood, Jackson, and Macon countiesabout 46% of the population favored secession. We have surveyed the high country almost daily, with hikes taking in San Jacinto Peak at least twice per week, Tahquitz Peak area once per week, and a variety of other trails on other days (World Cup viewing permitting of course). This situation was exacerbated by the impacts of Tropical Storm Kay in early September 2022. James Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee (Nashville: Charles Elder, 1972). Spikes will not be required by most hikers, depending upon comfort level hiking on patchy angled icy snow. Rapid melting of snow on sun-exposed slopes and freeze-thaw cycles will combine to change trail conditions and potentially the preferred equipment for the terrain. Sugarloaf Mountain is a small (1,283 foot; 391 m) mountain and park about 10 miles (16km) south of Frederick, Maryland, USA. [11], Strong damaging winds (80 to 100mph (130 to 160km/h), or sometimes greater) are observed a few times each year around the Smoky Mountains during the cool season (October through April), as a result of a phenomenon known as mountain waves. Snow cover remains >95% through Little Round Valley up to San Jacinto Peak. Nevertheless Seven Pines remains a genuine wilderness trail unlike the relatively wide, bare, and obvious routes of, for example, Devils Slide or Marion Mountain trails. The current closure order expires on 5th September, but work looks unlikely to be completed before late September. It is especially obscure 0.1-0.3 mile east of the Willow Creek crossing, becoming more obvious near Caramba. While far from surprising given the conditions, it comes as a huge blow to us all. Temperatures in the first week of October are forecast to remain somewhat above average for that month. Although most of the downed trees reported this summer were cleared in July, four more major trees came down in Tropical Storm Kay in September. Although some treefall hazards from Red Tahquitz to Antsell Rock (PCT Miles 172.5-175) were cleared in June 2021 prior to the rockslide removal work, the situation has badly deteriorated. Recent experience has shown it will continue to dry rapidly over the next few weeks without additional rainfall. Trails remain icy due to daily freeze/thaw cycles and compaction from hiker traffic, and spikes are useful throughout the trail system above about 9000 ft (lower in places). PCT Mile 186.2). Spikes are generally not required for ascending, but most hikers find them useful at least for descending. The record for consecutive days of above-monthly-average low temperatures was set just last summer at 56 days (12th June-6th August 2021). All hikers, but especially those planning to hike Skyline Trail (either on its own or as part of the Cactus-to-Clouds route), should note that the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway is closed for annual maintenance from Monday 12th September to Sunday 9th October 2022, with a tentative reopening date of 10th October. While these dampened the trails, impacts on water sources were negligible compared to the more widespread and intense monsoonal rains of 30th July-1st August. [65] Snowmobiling is allowed on Clear Lake for the aforementioned activity only. The work on hazardous tree removal appears to have been completed in late September, but the gate near Cowbell Alley remains closed. The same seems to be happening in Long Valley where the air temperature is fluctuating just above freezing. The base of the mountain, as seen from the top. The heatwave is forecast to break quite dramatically on Friday 9th, when the San Jacinto mountains will catch the edge of Hurricane Kay as it churns off the northwest coast of Baja California. Cedar Spring (N 33 40 36, W 116 34 35) [Updated 25th October] Flowing weakly above and below the trough (60 feet upslope from the trail that leads to the campsite). During World War II Riding Mountain National Park was home to the Whitewater labour camp for German prisoners-of-war. In my most recent survey there were 82 treefall hazards between PCT Miles 170-175 including at least 20 major ones, plus about six more on PCT Miles 175-177. Southbound PCT hikers in particular should continue to closely track forecasts (and the Trail Report) if they will be passing through the San Jacinto mountains in the first half of November. The peak of this relatively low mountain is approximately 800 feet (244 m) higher than the surrounding farmland. Some major trails have accumulated treefall hazards since late 2019 (partly due to reduced agency work during the coronavirus pandemic) passable with care by hikers but not for stock. Sugarloaf Mountain is an area tourist attraction, free of an admission charge, and open to the public. [87] By the time all operations ceased in the 1930s, logging firms had removed two-thirds of the virgin forests of the Smokies. Whirlpool Lake campground is designated as a tenting only campground. Kyle Eubanks reported that hiking through Long Valley was like walking through a river. [82][83][84], Innovations in logging railroads and band saw technology in the late 19th century made large-scale logging possible in the mountainous areas of Southern Appalachia. Hugh Neff has been officially blocked from participating in the 2023 Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race by the Iditarods Qualifying Review Board and according to the Iditarod handbook, their decision is final and binding. Weather forecasts are predicting the first snow storm of the winter on 2nd-4th November. The brook trout is the only trout species native to the range, although northwestern rainbow trout and European brown trout were introduced in the first half of the 20th century. They are a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains, and form part of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province.The range is sometimes called the Smoky Mountains and the name is commonly Monday 5th was the first day since the snow storm in early November that I did not use spikes for descending, as the icy snow in the high country was crisp and grippy in cold, cloudy conditions. By 1805, the Cherokee had ceded control of the Great Smokies to the U.S. government. Flow rates on springs and creeks which improved briefly following Tropical Storm Kay have now largely returned to (generally very dry) pre-storm conditions. Owl species residing in the Smokies include the barred owl, eastern screech-owl, and northern saw-whet owl. I ultimately kept my Kahtoola microspikes on until just past the top of Marion Mountain Trail, but could have removed them somewhat sooner. In contrast winter storms at the peak are much more gusty with the sustained wind speeds rarely exceeding 30 mph, and when they do it is often only for an hour or two. Temperatures briefly climb again to near or even above average over the weekend, before another storm system, potentially quite major for so early in the winter, is expected to arrive on Monday 7th November, continuing throughout Tuesday 8th into Wednesday 9th. About 10,600 acres (43km2) of the spruce-fir forest are old-growth. There is the possibility that this will end abruptly with a minor storm on Monday 28th November, with 1-3 inches of snow possible above 10,000 ft. Given the importance of this trail for the safety of northbound PCT hikers in particular, it is one of several trails adopted by the Trail Report. Most of these firs were killed, however, by an infestation of the balsam wooly adelgid, which arrived in the Smokies in the early 1960s. Above Little Round Valley there are multiple tracks through the snow ascending toward San Jacinto Peak, none of which entirely accurately follow the established trail. [7] They also used the land south-west of the mountain for the buffalo chase and making of pemmican. I put spikes on at the Peak for the descent and ultimately kept on my Kahtoola microspikes until about 9000 ft, one mile north of Saddle Junction. The nearby Round Valley creek and the small creek in Tamarack Valley both dried up in May. [32] About 11,500 years ago a spruce dominated forest began to emerge in its place, with some of the vegetation being ash, juniper, sedges, buffaloberry, and trembling aspen. Your contribution keeps the Report available to all, free from advertising or paywalls, and independent from agencies. I hiked up to San Jacinto Peak through the most active snowfall early that day. Iva Butler, "Archaeologists Pack Up Townsend Dig." They tend to be especially useful for descending trails. Temperatures for the third week of October are forecast to be around average for the month, before dropping significantly to below average (especially the daytime highs) at all elevations from Saturday 22nd October onwards. No evacuation warning or order issued yet for Idyllwild-Pine Cove. It appears to be either an outlier to the east of the main mass of Catoctin Mountain, or a root remnant of the ancient Appalachian mountains. Ephemeral creeks, such as those along Marion Mountain Trail and on Deer Springs Trail, dried up in May. , [67], Most Cherokee settlements were located in the river valleys on the outer fringe of the Great Smokies range. The Dominion Forest Reserve Act, passed in 1906, and the Dominion Forest Reserve and Parks Act, passed in 1911, were among the first legally binding protection of the area. no traction device) to the Peak on a generally well-traveled and compacted track through light icy snow. In the days since the storm, we have also surveyed trails around Tahquitz Peak, South Ridge, Spitler Peak, and Deer Springs, among others. The influx of settlers at the end of the French and Indian War brought conflict with the Cherokee, who still held legal title to much of the land. Seven Pines Trail has had limited hiker traffic since November 2018, largely because Dark Canyon Road was closed almost continuously from February 2019 to July 2022. Other springs on this trail had been dry for months before the passage of Tropical Storm Kay, and five days later were already functionally dry again. All trails above about 7500 ft are currently remain lightly (or above 9000 ft, moderately) snow-covered. The main track is clearest just above LRV and again close to the Peak junction. However this may change next week with new snowfall possible as discussed below. The formation is divided into upper, middle, and lower members.[5]. 37738, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The North Fork of the San Jacinto River is flowing gently, but reliably, at at least 8.0 L/min where it crosses the Deer Springs Trail (also 8.0 L/min immediately after Kay, but up from 3.0 L/min last week). Plan accordingly regarding route choice, start time, clothing, sun protection, and water requirements. [41], Ovenbirds, whip-poor-wills, and downy woodpeckers live in the drier pine-oak forests and heath balds. At the visitor center, rangers can answer your questions about the park and you can explore a bookstore with a broad selection of guides, maps, and other products. At the Peak on Monday 7th November 2022 at 1715 the air temperature was 28.4F (-2C), with a windchill temperature of 12.7F (-11C), 93% relative humidity, and a fresh WSW wind sustained at 10 mph gusting to 22.0 mph. Free shipping to qualifying US destinations in the contiguous United States; not available for P.O. My 2022 survey counted 97 trees down on this 2.1 miles of trail. At the Peak on Monday 24th October 2022 at 0830 the air temperature was 36.4F (2C), with a windchill temperature of 25.2F (-4C), 16% relative humidity, and a fresh NNE wind sustained at 10 mph gusting to 15.7 mph. [35] Wasagaming has lighter winds than the rest of the park due to the surrounding forest cover. While all time and labor is volunteered, the San Jacinto Trail Report uses small private donations to cover costs. However the afternoon is when fire behaviour tends to get vigourous and erratic. At San Jacinto Peak itself the rocks were covered in very slick verglas although the air temperature was only just below freezing. Although excellent tracks are now in place and clearly visible for almost all major trails cautious navigation remains recommended. Cautious navigation remains required for those who do not have significant experience of hiking this trail. Hikers will encounter new treefall hazards due to the enormous weight of ice from freezing rain associated with the early November storm, followed by recent Santa Ana winds, and since the passage of Tropical Storm Kay in September. [64], Ice fishing is allowed on Clear Lake during the winter months. Two near the top of Marion Mountain Trail include one right at the trail junction. [citation needed] According to the National Park Service, 80% of the Smokies was clear cut in the 1900's. The main track is clearest just above LRV and again close to the Peak junction. Spikes are not required. Exhibitionist & Voyeur 08/11/21: A Family Reunion (4.80): A brother and sister discover each other on July 4. [67] Upon establishment, the Biosphere Reserve included 18 municipalities, several of which were merged in 2015 as a result of the Manitoba Municipal Amalgamation Act enacted in 2013 by the Manitoba provincial government. Given cold temperatures for the foreseeable future, melting is expected to slow (or largely stop in the high country). Sadly it is looking increasingly likely that neither storm will significantly impact the San Jacinto mountains. Be rattlesnake aware. [10] [11] There are 669 species of plants in the park. Temperatures may be mild enough to produce rain at mid elevations, for example totaling less than 0.25 inch in Idyllwild, while snow accumulation above 10,000 ft elevation is currently forecast to be a dusting, perhaps few inches at most. Total size now at least 7100 acres. Conversely in places scouring by the wind means the depths are well below the average. Skyline Trail has a good track to follow through very thin icy snow above 7000 ft (the Traverse to Grubbs Notch). All hikers, but especially those planning to hike Skyline Trail (either on its own or as part of the Cactus-to-Clouds), should note that the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway is closed for annual maintenance from Monday 12th September to Sunday 9th October 2022, with a tentative reopening date of 10th October. There is disagreement between the forecast models where the freeze level will be for most of Sunday 11th which may alter the potential snowfall amounts (versus rainfall) at mid elevations. [8], A trading post was first established on Lake Dauphin north of present-day Riding Mountain National Park by the Hudson Bay Company in 1741. Thunderstorms with lightning, brief but intense precipitation, and rapid temperature drops, can occur in the high country even when such storms are not forecast for lower elevations. U.S. Geological Survey. Permanent settlers began arriving in these areas in the 1790s. 37738, Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The Round Valley pipe is trickling at about 0.5 L/min. On 7th-9th November temperatures above 10,000 ft elevation are forecast to be far below freezing, with potentially dangerous windchills below 0F (-18C). Mingus Creek Trail climbs past old farms to the Smokies high country. Hikers should be prepared for temperatures generally near freezing in the high country, and often below freezing around the high peaks when considering wind chill effects (see below for my latest weather observations from San Jacinto Peak). She'll be cumming on the mountain. In Idyllwild the overnight low temperature has dropped below the monthly average only once since 9th July 2022, currently a sequence of 56 days (the sole exception was on 27th August when a low of 55F was recorded, the average low for August being 55.4F). Expedia's Hotel Search makes booking easy. Most of the structures were built in the late 19th century and were moved here in the 1950s. Crews have been placed at Bautista Conservation Camp for structure defense. Visit the mill 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM daily mid-March through mid-November; also open on Thanksgiving weekend. [citation needed] Thomas' Legion crossed the Smokies in 1862 and occupied Gatlinburg for several months to protect saltpeter mines atop Mount Le Conte. Spikes are generally not required. This effect will be temporary, but at least for the next week, water is widespread in the high country. Current conditions for individual trails are discussed in detail below where known. Between these locations Tahquitz Creek is largely dry (but presumably flowing subsurface). Most or all of the snow will consequently melt quickly. After passing through the mountain resort of Hot Springs in the Bald Mountains, the river enters Cocke County, Tennessee. Monsoon thunderstorms, typically in the afternoon, remain a slim possibility daily for at least the next week. Dark Canyon Road finally reopened in mid July 2022. [10] Other post-hurricanes, including Hurricane Hugo in 1989, have caused similar damage in the Smokies. This again makes the trough the most accessible location for water filtering. The cold icy early morning snow had the perfect bite for good boots with excellent soles. Spikes are currently recommended throughout the trail system above about 7500 ft, potentially lower in places. including the five-mile roundtrip trail to Abrams Falls and the short Cades Cove Nature Trail. The French Broad River is believed to be one of the oldest in the world, cutting over geologic eons through ancient rocks in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Unfortunately the forecast models vary greatly on the potential severity of the storm. Thank you for taking the time to read this. Manitoba Highway 19 enters the park through the escarpment region from the east. At least a third of the former are major hazards that require some degree of scrambling over or around. [4][26], In a separate claim case, the construction of a rail line in 1904 through the main reserve, IR 61, by Canadian National (CN), permanently cut off a section of land from IR 61. Snow from the moderate storm on 8th-9th November (summarized in a prior Report) has been melting steadily as temperatures in the past week have been above seasonal. Spikes are useful at least for descending. At the Peak on Thursday 27th October 2022 at 0855 the air temperature was 35.8F (2C), with a windchill temperature of 25.0F (-4C), 19% relative humidity, and a moderate WNW wind sustained at 8 mph gusting to 13.3 mph. UPDATE 17th November 2022: as predicted, and even as melting proceeds steadily, trails are getting increasing icy due to daily freeze/thaw cycles, and spikes are recommended throughout the trail system above about 7000 ft. On my hike to San Jacinto Peak this morning, again I did not need spikes to ascend, but they were invaluable for descending all the way down to upper Devils Slide Trail. Conditions immediately following the second Pacific storm, and the first significant snowfall, of winter 2022/23 that impacted the San Jacinto mountains on 8th-9th November were summarized in the previous Report. If you have found this Report useful, please consider using this link to the Donate page. In general most hikers will likely prefer to use spikes at least for descending down to about 10,000 ft (or lower). Saint Lucia's most important attractions are located near Jade Mountain which include a full array of sightseeing, historic and cultural excursions available to fully enjoy everything the island has to offer. However, even when Fern Valley Water District is diverting flow into the pipe system small fresh pools remain among the rocks just upslope from the trail (these are an invaluable source of water for the many dogs walked on the Ernie Maxwell). [22] Both the beavers and Belaney were unhappy with the situation, causing Belaney to search, with the support of the Dominion Parks Branch, for better living conditions. The tundra vegetation disappeared, and the spruce-fir forests retreated to the highest elevations. Water conditions where known are detailed at the foot of this Report. A few localized thunderstorms in the past couple of weeks included one over the Devils Slide Trail area on 20th August and another over San Jacinto Peak and the western slope (notably Marion Mountain Trail) on 24th August. Details of snow depths measured at various locations on the trail system are given at the foot of this posting. Forest Service campgrounds at Boulder Basin, Marion Mountain, and Fern Basin are now closed for the season. Note however that snow depth is rarely indicative of the challenge (or otherwise) of a given trail. Organized by the Idyllwild Town Crier newspaper (which was founded by Ernie and his wife Betty in 1946), the Award may be largely unknown outside Idyllwild-Pine Cove, but is quite a big deal within our little community. Conversely in places scouring by the wind means the depths can be well below the average. When the Cherokee aligned themselves with the British at the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1776, American forces launched an invasion of Cherokee territory. It is especially obscure 0.1-0.3 mile east of the Willow Creek crossing, becoming more obvious near Caramba. [66] Other Cherokee place names in the Smokies included Duniskwalgunyi , or "forked antlers", which referred to the Chimney Tops, and kuwahi , or "mulberry place", which referred to Clingmans Dome. The Catawba rhododendron has purple flowers in May and June, while the rosebay rhododendron has longer leaves and blooms white or a light pink in June and July. The Deer Springs stream crossing at the PCT/Deer Springs Trail (approx. The beech trees are often twisted and contorted by the high winds that occur in these gaps. Conversely in places scouring by the wind means the depths are well below the average. What this springs lacks in volume it makes up for with remarkable reliability. South of Rosman, the stream is joined by the Middle and East forks to form the French Broad River. Zelle, Venmo, and PayPal are all options. Hit the Trail with The Cliffs at Mountain Park Hiking Club. Details and a map are available here. It is especially obscure 0.1-0.3 mile east of the Willow Creek crossing, becoming more obvious near Caramba. [55], Air pollution is contributing to increased Red Spruce tree mortality at higher elevations and oak decline at lower elevations, while invasive hemlock woolly adelgids attack Hemlocks and balsam woolly adelgids attack Fraser firs. Several small trees, including three actually across the trail, came down during Tropical Storm Kay (surveyed 16th September) but all are in the lower half of the trail and are easily negotiated. [42] Bald eagles and golden eagles have been spotted at all elevations in the park. 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