Hyderabad's central location between the Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats, and industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted major Indian research, manufacturing, educational and financial institutions. The main gate, which leads to the qibla on the western wall, has a projecting mihrab. If you have many products or ads, WebNew Moti Bagh is a residential colony in South Delhi.New Moti Bagh occupies an area of 143 acres, in the exclusive New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) area of New Delhi.It is one of Delhi's most expensive areas, where land rates vary from 10 lakhs to 12 lakhs a square yard.. To raise funds for construction of New Moti Bagh a three acre parcel of land contiguous include a sketch map of the Babri Masjid site. [39] After this British rule was again secured, and the British Raj ruled the city till the independence of India in 1947. [49] On 24 December 1885, the Sub Judge Pandit Hari Kishan Singh dismissed the suit. [citation needed], In 1936, the United Provinces government enacted U.P. [24], The decline of the Mughal empire caused the emergence of several regional kingdoms, and in the late 18th century the control of the city fell successively to the Jats, the Marathas, the Mughals, the ruler of Gwalior, and finally the British East India Company. Their pickles and sharbat have been a household delicacy for over a century and a half, and have even served Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. Near the Diwan-i-Khas stands the Musamman Burj, an octagonal Tower which was the residence of Shah Jahan's favourite empress, Mumtaz Maal. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom had visited Taj Mahal in 1961 on her India visit. [53] Six weeks of riots further erupted in Bombay, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 900 people. Most importantly, Shah Jahan had the walled city built from 1638 to 1649, containing the Lal Qila and the Chandni Chowk. WebVallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (Gujarati: [lbi debi pel]; p-TEL; 31 October 1875 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. [49] Periodic violence erupted in the next two years, and the civil administration had to step in, refusing permission to build a temple or to use it as a place of worship. After Independence, Agra has developed into an industrial town, with a booming tourism industry, along with footwear, leather and other manufacturing. The campaign was temporarily suspended after assassination of Indira Gandhi, but revived in from 25 places on 23 October 1985. [47] Similarly, Udit Raj's Buddha Education Foundation has claimed the mosque was built over a Buddhist shrine. As thousands of Hindus started visiting the place, the Government declared the mosque a disputed area and locked its gates. The average literacy rate of Agra city is 73.11% of which male and female literacy rates are 77.81% and 67.74% respectively. Gradually, Agra declined to the position of a mere provincial town, and its prosperity declined:[36]. [72], A land title case on the site was lodged in the Allahabad High Court, the verdicts of which was pronounced on 30 September 2010. The lieutenant-governor died when shut up in the fort at Agra, and Oudh was only reconquered after several campaigns lasting for eighteen months. The British won, but they did not take any territory; the whole of Awadh was restored to the Nawab, and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam was restored the subahs of Allahabad and Kora in the lower Doab, with a British garrison in the fort of Allahabad. A later addition, it was built in 1659 as a private mosque for Emperor Aurangzeb. [7] Court cases were filed by both Hindus and Muslims asking for access. The emperor's private residence was the Khas Mahal, whose marble walls were once adorned with flowers depicted by precious gems. The sectors worst-hit are the iron foundries, tourism, leather shoe industry in Agra. [25][26], Modern architects have attributed this intriguing acoustic feature to a large recess in the wall of the mihrab and several recesses in the surrounding walls which functioned as resonators; this design helped everyone to hear the speaker at the mihrab. Lal Das, who wrote Awadh-Vilasa in 1672 describes the janmasthan (Rama's birthplace) accurately but does not mention a temple at the site.[38]. By the 18th century, the once vast Mughal Empire was collapsing, undone by internal dissension and by expansion of the Marathas from the Deccan, the British from Bengal, and the Afghans from Afghanistan. Engineer Hiram Codd patented the design of the bottle in 1872 in London to effectively seal fizzy drinks.[25]. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of Agra Metro on 8 March 2019.[160]. Chandni Chowk and Chawri Bazaar areas have many street joints that sell spicy chaat (tangy and spicy snacks). [71], The Allahabad High Court, however, upheld the ASI's findings. Old Delhi is also known for its street food. Other attractions include twin mosque buildings (placed symmetrically on either side of the mausoleum), pleasant gardens, and a museum. Their retail outlet in Chandni Chowk was started later on. The concluding report was published in an official gazette dated 26 February 1944. His report was never published but partly reused by Montgomery Martin later. The Hanuman Temple attracted many visitors from the old walled city, who came only on Tuesdays and [24] It was, however, Shah Jahan (reigned 162858[25]) whose building activity raised Agra to the pinnacle of its glory. She stands as the only Their USP is that they use desi khandsari sugar for making the syrup instead of regular sugar, and the jalebis are prepared using desi ghee, cooked over coal-fire. [143] The vast gardens around Sikandra are inhabited by several Blackbucks, which are in the process of being shifted to the Etawah Safari Park. [104] Since a large portion of the water demand is fulfilled from the Yamuna river, which is a highly polluted river, water quality in Agra is usually poor, with unhealthy levels of chlorine required for purification. Babri Masjid (IAST: Bbar Masjid; meaning Mosque of Babur) was a mosque in Ayodhya, India, at a site believed by many Hindus to be the birthplace of Hindu deity Rama. The Khooni Darwaza, south of Delhi Gate and just outside the walled city, was originally constructed by Sher Shah Suri. There are 10 institutes comprising various departments and around 700 Colleges are affiliated to this university. Naughara mansions in Kinari Bazaar, 18th-century Jain mansions. 'High Gate'), or the "Door of Victory", was built in 1602 by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra, India.. Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway in the world and is an example of Mughal architecture.It displays sophistication [26] Babur went on to lay out the first formal Mughal garden in India, the Aram Bagh (or Garden of Relaxation) on the banks of the river Yamuna. The two lines are Sikandra to the Taj Mahal's east gate via Agra Fort and Agra Cantt to Kalindi Vihar. [17][18], Media related to Babri Masjid at Wikimedia Commons, Mosque in Ayodhya, India, destroyed in 1992, Professor R.Nath, who has examined these records, concludes that Jai Singh had acquired the land of, developed after the Delhi Sultanate was established, Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques, Conversion of mosques into non-Islamic places of worship, Conversion of non-Hindu places of worship into temples, "ASI report on excavation of Ayodhya site to be published as book: Minister", "Did you know seven evidences unearthed by ASI proved a temple existed at Ayodhya? The word 'Khirki' prefixed to The breakfast specialties include Bedai, which is a puffy kachori (made with all purpose flour, which is deep fried) with spicy filling inside and is generally served with spicy aloo sabzi and dahi. The inscriptions on the Babri Masjid premises found in the 20th century state that the mosque was built in 935AH (152829) by Mir Baqi in accordance with the wishes of Babur. WebThe Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani or Mariam's Tomb is the mausoleum of Mariam-uz-Zamani, commonly known as Jodha bai, the favorite wife of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Agra was the foremost city of the subcontinent and the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1658, when Aurangzeb shifted the entire court to Delhi. [58], The Liberhan Commission set up by the Government to investigate the demolition later blamed 68 people including senior BJP, RSS and VHP leaders for the demolition. He also recorded the fact of Brahmins recording the names of pilgrims. Jahangir loved Lahore and Kashmir more than Agra, but the latter continued to be the first city of the realm. [24], Babur (reigned 152630[25]), the founder of the Mughal dynasty, acquired Agra after defeating the Lodhis and the Tomaras of Gwalior in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Muslims were also awarded one-third area of the site for the construction of a mosque. Some antique views were published in the Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books, namely Tj-Mahal, Agra. . The Jumna river formed part of the western boundary, the Ganges part of the southern, and the Gandak part of the eastern; other boundaries are artificial. This minor victory for the British was named the Battle of Agra. [106] It includes a 130km long pipeline laid to bring Ganga water from Bulandshahr's Upper Ganga canal to Agra. Your IP: The construction of Sikandra was commenced in Akbar's reign and was completed by his heir and son Jahangir in 1613. It is named after the late King Faisal I of Saudi Arabia. [80], Less than 7% of the Agra district is under forest cover. Following partition, Giani Gurcharan Singh migrated from Layalpur, now in Pakistan, to Delhi. A Presidency of Agra was first formed in 1834, up to which date the area then separated had been included in the Presidency of Bengal, [28][29] Before his death, Agra had become probably one of the biggest cities in the east, with huge amounts of trade and commerce happening through its bazaars. [82], Agra's cuisine is derived from its Mughal past. Old Delhi or Purani Dilli is an area in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. The Hindus continued to offer prayers at a mud platform that marked the birthplace of Rama. The report claimed otherwise on the basis of 'pillar bases' was contested since no pillars were found, and the alleged existence of 'pillar bases' has been debated by archaeologists. Lala Sita Ram, who had access to the older edition in 1932 wrote, "The faqirs answered that they would bless him if he promised to build a mosque after demolishing the Janmasthan temple. The Mosque has a 52m (170.6ft)x52m (170.6ft) square plan in an area of 87m2 (936.5sqft). He also suggested that the Indian National Congress leaders, including prime minister P V Narasimha Rao and home minister S B Chavan, had ignored warnings about the demolition for deriving political benefits. It has been a focus of dispute between the Hindu and Muslim communities since the 18th century. Soon after, a large number of kar sevaks demolished the mosque. Agra district has two Lok Sabha constituencies, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri, and nine Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly) constituencies. It is now run by the families of Pandit Gaya Prasad and his relatives. [60][61], The city features warm winters, sweltering and dry summers and a monsoon season. The city became one of the most important centres of Islamic learning in India. By the order of Babur, the king of the world; In the name of God, the merciful, the clement. Within the city, Mahatma Gandhi Marg is the main artery. Old Delhi has certain identifiable landmarks of food. (from Geography of Hyderabad), Image 3A Bidriware of the 18th century, displayed at Muse du Louvre (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 4Aurangzeb during the Siege of Golconda, 1687 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 5Birla Mandir Hyderabad (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 6British Residency, Hyderabad, 1880s (from History of Hyderabad), Image 7Asaf Jah VII pays homage to King George and Queen Mary, Delhi Durbar, 1911 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 8Panorama of Charminar complex, showing the Charminar, Mecca Masjid and Nizamia Hospital (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 9A foggy day in Hyderabad (from Geography of Hyderabad), Image 10Map of Hyderabad, 1911 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 11Map of Hyderabad, 1914 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 12Distant view of Hyderabad, 1880s (from History of Hyderabad), Image 13The Hill Fort Palace, 1930s (from History of Hyderabad), Image 14Students leaving the Osmania University, c. 19391945 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 15Gachibowli; a suburb of Hyderabad. Others derive it from Hindu History claiming that the Sanskrit word agra () which means the first of the many groves and little forests where Krishna frolicked with the gopis of Vrindavan. (Curd)[152][149] Equally popular as a snack is Chaat, a collective term which includes snacks like Dahi-bhalla, Raj kachori, samosas, and gol gappas, among others. The NCT covers an area of 1,484 [93], Agra Municipal Corporation or Agra Nagar Nigam (AMC or ANN) is the Municipal Corporation responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Agra. The translator doubted that the fable was part of the inscription but recorded that the scribe "positively says that the inscription was executed at the erection of this building". The ASI submitted its report to the Allahabad high court. The roof is partitioned into 25 squares of equal size with 9 small domes in each square (totaling to 81 domes) and alternated by 12 flat roofs to cover the roof. [145], Agra also has several other places of interest, most of them from its Mughal past. It's easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and 100% free! [148] The tomb is within the compound of the Christian Missionary Society. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Agra on the left bank of the Yamuna grew into a large flourishing town with royal presence, officials, merchants, scholars, theologians and artists. "[43][44][45], However, some historians have argued that it was built during the Delhi Sultanate period (13th15th century), and may have been renovated during Babur's period. They include the Jama Masjid, Chini Ka Rauza, Aram Bagh, Mariam's Tomb, and Mehtab Bagh among others. Incumbent MP Satyapal Singh Baghel of BJP won the Agra Lok Sabha constituency with a margin of 2,11,546 votes by defeating Manoj Kumar Soni of BSP. [27], In 1838, British surveyor Montgomery Martin wrote that the pillars in the mosque were taken from a Hindu temple. [13] The Lieutenant-Governor, J.R. Colvin, died there, and was later buried in front of the Diwan-i-am. WebAgra (/ r /, ()) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about 230 kilometres (140 mi) south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow.With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and twenty-third most populous city in India. The map shows an open court yard and a built structure with three temple spires (sikharas) resembling today's Babri Masjid with three domes. Raja Balwant Singh College is located at Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 16:55. Karim's exists here today to cater to the wants of people from all over the country and the world, being a major tourist attraction. [6], https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/asi-discovers-254-copper-coins-of-medieval-era-at-khirki-mosque-1536813918-1, South east corner with Khirki village residential area in the background, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, "The Tughluqs: Master Builders of the Delhi Sultanate", Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Noida International Airport (under construction), NCR Rapid Transit System (under construction), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khirki_Mosque&oldid=1074229639, Monuments of National Importance in Delhi, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from April 2021, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Infobox religious building with unknown affiliation, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2022, at 04:26. The report concluded that it was over the top of this construction that the disputed structure was constructed during the early 16th century. [33] In the years 18341836, Agra was the capital of the short-lived Presidency of Agra, administered by a Governor. Polluting vehicles are not allowed near the Taj Mahal. The Hindus offered their prayers on a raised platform, known as "Ram Chabutara", in the outer courtyard. The pledge is not spelled out in the 1981 edition of Ghaffar's book. Originally a canal ran through the middle of the street. [153] The Mahotsav is hosted from 18 to 27 February every year. After the ruling, all Hindus were given access to the site, and the mosque gained some function as a Hindu temple.[52]. There are about 12 major and medium scale industries, producing electrical goods, pipes, leather goods etc. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits, and has a population of 9.7 million residents in the metropolitan region, making it the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in India. [9][10][11][12], In September 2010, the Allahabad High Court upheld the claim that the mosque was built on the spot believed to be Rama's birthplace and awarded the site of the central dome for the construction of a Rama temple. The section between the Lahore Gate of the fort and the entrance of the street called the Dariba, known as the Khuni Darwazah, was called the Urdu or the Military Bazaar; owing, very probably, to the circumstances of a portion of the local garrison having been once quartered about the place. WebMathura district situated along the banks of the river Yamuna is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of north-central India.The historic city of Mathura is the district headquarters. Performance & security by Cloudflare. [16] The 17th century chronicler named Abdhullah said it was a village before the reign of Sikandar Lodi. the young Babur came from Kabul to Awadh (Ayodhya) in disguise, dressed as a Qalandar (Sufi ascetic), probably as part of a fact-finding mission. WebAhmedabad (/ m d b d,-b d / AH-m-d-ba(h)d; Gujarati: Amdavad [mdd] ()) is the most populous city in the Indian state of Gujarat.It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court.Ahmedabad's population of 55,70,585 (per the 2011 population census) makes it the fifth-most He ruled his sultanate from Agra until he was defeated and killed by Mughal Emperor Babur in the First battle of Panipat, fought in 1526. His counsellor and minister who is the founder of this fort masjid. Here he met the Sufi saints Shah Jalal and Sayyid Musa Ashiqan and took a pledge in return for their blessings for conquering Hindustan. Delhi chapter of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) has categorized the monument as "Grade A" in terms of archeological value. ), Idgah Bus Stand, Taj Depot and Fort Depot are the major bus stands in Agra, connecting Agra to most of the bigger cities in northern India. One was a Quranic verse. The whole was so ugly and detestable that I repassed the river quite repulsed and disgusted. (major station for Delhi - Mumbai line), The Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, List of twin towns and sister cities in India, "District census handbook (Part A & B) Agra", "BJP wins post of Agra mayor for fifth consecutive time", "Uttar Pradesh (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information", "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India", "District Domestic Product Estimates Uttar Pradesh Year 2019-20", "Cities in India with population more than 100,000", The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate, Persian Poetry at the Indian Frontier: Masud Sad Salmn of Lahore, "Mughal dynasty | History, Map, Rulers, & Facts", "Historical Introduction, Part One: Babar - Babar's connection with Agra", "City of Agra under the Mughal from 1526-1707", "Part Seven: Agra and the Later Mogul Emperors", "Agra's crucial role in freedom movement not documented: Historians", "India has an edge over China in soft power, divisive politics must not harm it", "Top world leaders who visited the iconic Taj Mahal", "Exploring UNESCO World Heritage sites on India's Golden Triangle tour", "Agra climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Agra weather averages - Climate-Data.org", "Tropical and subtropical steppe climate", "PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA (AGRA and KHAJURAHO)", "A pollution link to why Delhi gets heavy winter fog", "Delhi records its coldest day in December since 1901", "Air Pollution: India tops world in bad air quality: Kanpur, Delhi among top 15, Mumbai 4th most polluted megacity | India News - Times of India", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Station: Agra Climatological Table 19812010", "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures upto 2010", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Climate & Weather Averages in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India", "Climate and monthly weather forecast Agra, India", "Taj Mahal Facing the Brunt of Environmental Degradation", "Pollution turns India's white marble Taj Mahal yellow and green", "Heavy Metal Pollution of the Yamuna River: An Introspection", "Taj Mahal Under Attack by Bugs and Their Green Slime", "Stink is still the flavour of Yamuna in the city of Taj Mahal", "Dry Yamuna remains a threat to Mughal monuments", http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/115-agra.html, "IAS Transfers: , ", "Transfer: , ", "Agra MP (Lok Sabha) Election Results 2019 Live: Candidate List, Constituency Map, Winner & Runner Up - Oneindia", "Constituencies | District Agra, Government Of Uttar Pradesh | India", "Agra could become a police commissionerate before UP assembly polls", "UPPCL to hand over Agra power network to Torrent Power", "Torrent Power begins power distribution in Agra", "Assessment of Non-Revenue Water & Developing Strategies and Implementation Action Plan for Reduction of Non Revenue Water in Agra", "Gangajal pipeline ready for use, city to get Ganga water by month end", "PM Narendra Modi launches projects worth Rs 2,980 cr in Agra", "On opening day, leaks detected in Gangajal treatment facility", "Taps run dry in 15 wards due to pipeline leaks", " ", "UP cabinet approves proposal for piped gas supply in state", "The Splendid Radhasoami Satsangs Temple at Agra", "ITC Hotels, Welcomhotel present Ollie's Virtual Summer Camp", "A Moment In Time: The Taj Hotel and Convention Centre Agra", "Economy | District Agra, Government Of Uttar Pradesh | India", "Noida tops Uttar Pradesh GDP & per capita income again, Lucknow is second | Lucknow News - Times of India", "Swachh Survekshan 2020: , 16 ", "Swachh Survekshan 2020: Top 20 cleanest cities in India", "Uttar Pradesh: Agra tops smart cities chart with 2 other cities - ET Government", "Agra residents surprised as city ranks No. In addition, Old Delhi also has:[16], Some of the historical mansions include:[18]. [8], Heritage experts of Delhi were concerned by the status of the restoration works of the Khirki Mosque done by the ASI, which converted it into a pink monument (pictured) as distinct from the lime mortar work done in the ancient times. However, he also noted, "others say that it was constructed by 'Babor' [Babur]". [93] Each of the several police circles is headed by a circle officer in the rank of deputy superintendent of police. [140] The red sandstone walls of the roughly semi-circular structure[141] have a perimeter of about 2.5km, rise 21 meters high, and are surrounded by a moat. It was then the capital of the North-Western Province from 1836 to 1868, governed by a Lieutenant-Governor. [9], Access to the mosque is through the narrow lanes of Khirki village near Saket, which is located in South Delhi. However it said that the mosque at Ayodhya was ascertained to have been built by Babur by "an inscription on its walls". The Chini Ka Rauza, notable for its Persian influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, is dedicated to the prime minister of Shah Jahan, Afzal Khan. I had intended, wherever I might fix my residence, to construct water-wheels, to produce an artificial stream, and to lay out an elegant and regularly planned pleasure ground. In 1949, after India became independent, Hindu activists associated with the Hindu Mahasabha surreptitiously placed idols of Rama inside the mosque, after which the government locked the building to avoid further disputes. There are about 7,200 small scale industrial units. Many of the historical attractions are in the Chandni Chowk area and the Red Fort. [2] According to Hindus, Baqi destroyed a pre-existing temple of Rama at the site. The most elegant and largest dome of the Taj Mahal has a diameter of 60 feet (18m), and has a height of 80 feet (24m); directly under this dome is the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal. The study has conjectured the year of building by comparing with many other large monuments of this period. Eventually, Paranthe wali Gali, the lane in which the original shop was came to house 16 of them. It was founded as a walled city named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan (the Mughal emperor at the time) decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. Chawri Bazaar is one of the oldest markets in Delhi, dating back to the 17th century and was before known as a hardware market, but is known nowadays for its wholesale paper products. The king of Mathura had used the Agra fort as a jail. The mosque was located on a hill known as Ramkot ("Rama's fort"). [65] The excavation was conducted from 12 March 2003 to 7 August 2003, resulting in 1360 discoveries. Both these streets were divided into several sections, each of which was known by a different name. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1650 and 1656, and inaugurated by its first Imam, Syed Abdul Ghafoor Shah Bukhari.Situated in the Mughal capital of Shahjahanabad (today Old Delhi), it served The Taj Mahal was built on a marble platform that stands above a sandstone one. Prior to the construction of Connaught Place, the area was a ridge, covered with kikar trees and populated with jackals and wild pigs. It can be observed from Agra Fort from where Emperor Shah Jahan gazed at it for the last eight years of his life, a prisoner of his son Aurangzeb. He experimented with many recipes before finally making and selling the jalebis that have such a fan following now. [125][126], As of August 2020, Industrial activity in Agra has been affected as a result of the restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has forced people to remain confined to their homes. [36], Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (Buchanan) did a survey of the Gorakhpur Division in 181314 on behalf of the British East India Company. [clarify] Karim's, a restaurant described as the city's most famous culinary destination, is near the Jama Masjid. There are four open courtyards (square in size of 9.14m (30.0ft) on each side) encircled by arcades built with 180 square structural columns and 60 pilasters, which run in northsouth direction and divides into aisles. In 1911, Haji Karimuddin moved back to Delhi with inspiration to open a Dhaba to cater to people coming to witness the coronation from all across the country. There are no specific inscriptions on the Mosque on its construction date, though the name of the builder is inscribed on the eastern gate of the Mosque as 'Khan-e-Jahan Junaan Shah'. With the fear of the rebellion spreading to Agra as well, the rest of these native infantry battalions, which were part of the garrison at Agra, were successfully disarmed by the British on 31 May. Since the 1990s, the city has emerged as an Indian hub of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. On the morning of 23 December, the event organisers asked Hindu devotees to come to the mosque for a darshan. [3] However, Archaeological Survey of India conducted an excavation of the disputed site on the orders of the Allahabad High Court. Urdu Bazar: Lahori Gate of the Mughal royal palace The open courtyards are the source of light and ventilation to the internal prayer spaces. [154] For the first time since 1992, Taj Mahotsav 2021 has been cancelled, because of tourism restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, The High Court noted that the Babri Masjid was not built on vacant land and the excavated underneath structure was not Islamic in nature. Under Akbar (reigned 15561605[25]), and followed by his grandson Shahjahan, Agra was immortalised in the history of the world. [7], Over the years, a few domes on the northeast side of the mosque have collapsed and a few walls are in a dilapidated condition. She associates the city's past glories with tales of enchantment, namely James Ridley's The Tales of the Genii (Sir Charles Mansell). [76] Agra is the second largest contributor to River Yamuna's pollution, after Delhi. The 99 names of Allah have been inscribed on the tomb. [146] The Aram Bagh, commonly known as Ram Bagh today, is one of the oldest Mughal garden in India, and was built by the Mughal emperor Babur in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. [59] According to The Economist, "Among its souvenir stalls, those doing the briskest trade are the ones playing videos on a loop of Hindu fundamentalists demolishing the mosque. In 1935, the official name of the province was shortened to the United Provinces (UP). The deserted city of Fatehpur Sikri is about 40km southwest of Agra. The southern gate, with imposing steps at the main entrance, exhibits a combination of arch and trabeated construction. WebIndo-Islamic architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes. [63] A 2005 book by the former Intelligence Bureau (IB) Joint Director Maloy Krishna Dhar claimed the senior leaders of RSS, BJP, VHP and Bajrang Dal had planned the demolition 10 months in advance. These are followed by Jainism, Sikhism, Christianity and Buddhism at 1.04%, 0.62%, 0.42% and 0.19% respectively. [50], In April 1984, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) initiated a campaign to gather public support for Hindu access to the Babri Masjid and other structures that had been allegedly built over Hindu shrines. [1] The word 'Khirki' prefixed to mosque is an Urdu word that means "window" and hence is also called "The Mosque of Windows". Agra continued to expand and flourish during Akbar's successor Jahangir's reign as he wrote in his autobiography Tuzuk-e-Jahangiri:[29][30]. There is also the Hindi and English mixed newspaper tabloid I-Next. The city's groundwater is also unfit for drinking, and is saline and high in fluoride content. Old Delhi as the seat of the Mughal Empire for over two centuries has come to the modern hub of Mughlai cuisine. Agra Cant. [46][47] The Taj Mahal witnesses tourists, photographers, historians and archaeologists in massive numbers all around the year. On 25 January 1986, a 28-year-old local lawyer Umesh Chandra Pandey, appealed to a court to remove the restrictions on Hindu worship in the Babri Masjid premises. It is often considered to be one of India's first commercially available pickle brands and was at the time India's largest food preservers. In 1997, The then Chief Minister N. Chandra Babu Naidu travelled to Southeast Asia to meet potential investors and to The jalebi shop was established by Late Sh. The inquiry concluded that the mosque belonged to the Sunnis, since it was commissioned by Babur, who was a Sunni. Some migrants sell products like clothes, fruits etc. [citation needed], The Babri mosque's Tughluquid style integrated other design components and techniques, such as air cooling systems disguised as Islamic architectural elements like arches, vaults and domes. The original name of the gardens was Aram Bagh, or 'Garden of Relaxation', and this was where Babur used to spend his leisure time. Agra is a very great city, and populous, built with stone, having fair and large streets with a fair river running by it . The Taj Mahal rises above the banks of the river like a solitary tear suspended on the cheek of time. No other inscriptions were recorded. In his presence one of the grandees who is another King of Turkey and China. [1] The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857,[1][2][3] when the British Raj took over as paramount power in India. At the same time the British received the province of Benares from Awadh. [80] Activists say that the Yamuna river bed between Itmad-ud-Daula and the Taj Mahal has become a dumping ground for pollutants. Above 1.5 lakh pairs of shoes per day are manufactured in Agra by the various footwear units. [157] The Gatiman express is India's first semi-high train speed service, which cut travel time between Agra and Delhi to 100 minutes. [24] The glass bottle in which this comes has a marble stopper, which is pushed into the bulbous neck of the bottle to unseal it. [70] Syed Rabe Hasan Nadvi, chairman of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) alleged that ASI failed to mention any evidence of a temple in its interim reports and only revealed it in the final report which was submitted during a time of national tension, making the report highly suspect. ASI suspended the restoration works of the Mosque and held a workshop on "Use of lime mortar in ancient times" to educate their staff on proper restoration of Mughal monuments.[9]. The name Agra is explained by different derivations, all of which have low verifiability. The Old Delhi area and its markets are governed by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). The said inscription in Persian was said to have been copied by a scribe and translated by a Maulvi friend of Buchanan. [105] To provide the city with adequate water supply, the Gangajal pipeline project has been initiated. The tomb was built by her son Jahangir, in her memory between years 1623-1627 and is located in Sikandra, next to the Akbar's Tomb, in the direction of Mathura. It is his secret recipe that is followed until today. Succeeding the Ghurids was the Delhi Sultanate, a series of Change in times can be recorded just by studying this shop as the same rabri falooda that was sold for 4 annas in 1951 is today sold for 80 Rupees. Mariam-uz-Zamani, after the death of her husband, Akbar, laid a large garden around his tomb.. During the reign of Aurangzeb, Jats rose in rebellion under the leadership of Raja The importance of the Khirki Mosque's architectural elegance has been considered a precursor to the intensely metaphorical Mughal architecture (1526-1857), with the Lodhi period's (14511526) architecture the Delhi Sultanate's last dynasty marking the transition. North of the street, there is the mansion of Begum Samru, now called Bhagirath Palace. On each corner are hexagonal towers, about thirteen metres (43 feet) tall. The old city was surrounded by a wall enclosing about 1,500 acres (6.1km2), with 14 gates:[10]. by S. Austin from those said ruins (1836). [82] Within the Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is the Agra Bear Rescue Facility, which is India's first sanctuary for 'dancing' bears. Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib. WebThe Wazir Khan Mosque (Punjabi and Urdu: ; Persian: ; Masjid Wazr Khn) is a 17th-century mosque located in the city of Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab.The mosque was commissioned during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a part of an ensemble of buildings that also included the nearby Shahi [55] Agra is about 210km away from the National capital of New Delhi(via Yamuna Expressway),[56] about 336km from state capital Lucknow(via Agra-Lucknow Expressway),[57] and about 227km from Kanpur(via Agra-Lucknow Expressway). [139], The Jahangiri Mahal, the largest residence in the complex, Musamman Burj, an octagonal Tower which was the residence of Shah Jahan's favourite empress, Mumtaz Maal, Amar Singh Gate, one of two entrances into Agra's Red Fort. The construction of the city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until its fall in 1857, The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject: Chowmahalla Palace or Chowmahallatuu was a palace of the Nizams of Hyderabad state. [19][20], The name "Babri Masjid" comes from the name of the Mughal emperor Babur, who is said to have ordered its construction. [17][18] The construction of the mosque started on 26 January 2021. [75], The Yamuna River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Chamier also dismissed an appeal against the lower court judgment. It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. (from Geography of Hyderabad), Image 16Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, founder of Hyderabad and Urdu poet (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 17Gachibowli Indoor Stadium (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 18Asaf Jah VII and his heir apparent Mukarram Jah, both wearing Sherwani and Rumi Topi, Image 19Hussain Sagar Lake (from Geography of Hyderabad), Image 20Throne of the Nizam of Hyderabad at Chowmahalla Palace (from History of Hyderabad), Image 21A view of 16th century ruined city of Naya Qila (from Economy of Hyderabad), Image 22Portrait of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (from History of Hyderabad), Image 23One of the Qutb Shahi Tombs (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 24Shops in the Laad Bazaar (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 25Kachiguda Railway Station, 1932 (from History of Hyderabad), Image 26One Hyderabadi Rupee coin issued in 1329 AH (1911 CE) during the reign of Asaf Jah VI (from History of Hyderabad), Image 27Charminar (from Culture of Hyderabad), Image 28Hyderabadi biryani along with other Hyderabadi cuisine, Image 29Hyderabad Metro was inaugurated in 2017. It contains 21 notable monuments, some of which date to the era of Emperor Akbar.The Lahore Fort is notable 66, B-BLOCK, GALI NO. [6], Broadly speaking, the climate of Agra is classified as BSh by the Kppen-Geiger climate classification system. Earlier, the only Hindu ceremony permitted at the site was a Hindu priest performing an annual puja. It has an ornamental rectilinear frame. There are four private FM radio stations, 92.7 BIG FM (Reliance Broadcast Network Limited), 93.7 Fever FM, 94.5 Tadka FM and Radio City 91.9 FM. [119] Agra city is also known for its leather goods, the oldest and famous leather firm Taj Leather World is in Sadar bazar. While most areas are Muslim-dominated, Hindi is the most spoken language. [58], The site has since become a magnet for pilgrims. Hyderabad (/hadrbd/ (listen) HY-dr--bad; Telugu:[adarabad], Urdu:[dabad]) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh. In their verdict, the three judges of The Allahabad High Court ruled that the 1.1 hectares (2+34 acres) of Ayodhya land be divided into three parts, with one-third going to the Ram Lalla or Infant Lord Rama represented by the Hindu Maha Sabha for the construction of the Ram temple, one-third going to the Islamic Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board and the remaining one-third going to Nirmohi Akhara, a Hindu religious denomination. Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Saket, Hauz Khas, and Mehrauli. [40][13] It is to be said that, the uprising in Agra was relatively minor compared to Delhi, Jhansi, Meerut and other major rebellious cities and regions. In 1804, as the result of Lord Lake's victories in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, part of Bundelkhand and the rest of the Doab, including Agra and the guardianship of the old and blind emperor, Shah Alam, at Delhi, were obtained from Scindia. Published by Allen & Unwin, 1969, Carr Stephen, Archaeology and Monumental Remains of Delhi (Author, 1876), pp. The complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983,[129] and is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world. R. Nath has stated that, judging from the architecture of the mosque, it should be taken to have been built in the pre-Mughal period. When viewed from the west side, it resembled the Atala Masjid in Jaunpur. He "emphatically attributed it to Aurangzeb, and Babur's name is carried by a few persons", states writer Kishore Kunal. Taj Mahal has also been visited by Russian President Vladimir Putin (1999), Chinese President Hu Jintao (2006), Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (2018) and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (2018). In 1959, the Nirmohi Akhara filed another lawsuit demanding possession of the mosque. Most of them are wholesale sellers and have been selling their products for many years. Nevertheless, the cultural and strategic importance of Agra remained unaffected and in official correspondence it continued to be referred to as the second capital of the empire. After the fall of the Mughal Empire post 1857 revolt, the British Raj shifted the capital of British controlled territories in India to a less volatile city, Calcutta in Bengal, where it remained until 1911. [95][96] The Agra Development Authority (ADA), is develops new housing, infrastructure and colonies in the city. WebAll classifieds - Veux-Veux-Pas, free classified ads Website. The interiors are decorated with fine Pietra dura inlay work, incorporating semi-precious stones. ASI has now decided that in new restoration works, such as the Khirki Mosque, lime will be used in proper quantity. [23][full citation needed], The architecture of the mosque is completely a replica of the mosques in the Delhi Sultanate. For other uses, see, Climate data for Agra, India (19812010, extremes 19012002), Tajview hotel, the first five-star hotel in Agra, operated by the. Daryaganj had the original cantonment of Delhi, after 1803, where a native regiment of Delhi garrison was stationed, which was later shifted to Ridge area. The walls have now largely disappeared,[13] but most of the gates are still present. Over time the whole of this long street came to be known as the Chandni Chauk. [27], In 1889, archaeologist Anton Fhrer visited the mosque and found three inscriptions. [97], Vote share of Parties in 2019 Agra Lok Sabha.[98]. Approximately 1.66% stated 'No Particular Religion'.[86]. The city is now a popular tourist destination and hosts tourists from across the world. WebThe term Chandni Chowk originally referred only to the square that had a reflecting pool. The Taj Mahal flanks the garbage-strewn Yamuna river and is often enveloped by dust and smog from smokestacks and vehicles. To the north and south of the square, there were two gate-ways, the former leading to the Sarai of Jehan Ara Begum, and the latter to one of the most thickly populated quarters of the city. The fair is held in a big field in Shilpgram, near the eastern gate of the Taj Mahal. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206[6] and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 10:51. Residents of the Kashmere Gate, Civil Lines area visited during the weekends for partridge hunting. The houses in front of the Kotwali were built at a short distance from the line of the rest of the houses in the street, to form a square. Districts of Bengal; on the south by two of the Chota Nagpur States in the Central Provinces, Rewah and some small States in the Central India kanpur technical augor District in the Central Provinces; on the west by the States of Gwalior, Dholpur, and Bharatpur, the Districts of Gurgaon, Delhi, Karnal, and Ambala in the Punjab, and the Punjab States of Sirmur and Jubbal. It states that the Hindus generally attributed destruction "to the furious zeal of Aurangzabe". Ambedkar University, Agra. [49] The Commissioner of Waqfs initiated an inquiry into the dispute. The documents of Jai Singh preserved in the Kapad-Dwar collection in the City Palace Museum of Jaipur,[a] However, to bypass the lengthy but necessary method, workers then changed the traditional mixing process followed the world over and for centuries to 50% lime mixed with 50% brick dust and not sand. The English dailies published are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Economic Times, and The Pioneer. Arriving with his recipe for iced rabdi falooda, large crowds still flock to the shop to get a taste of that unique flavor. Come and visit our site, already thousands of classified ads await you What are you waiting for? [28] The Ramcharitamanas of Tulsidas (1574) and Ain-i Akbari of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (1598) made no mention of a mosque either. [50], On 16 January 1950, Gopal Singh Visharad filed a civil suit in the Faizabad Court, asking that Hindus be allowed to worship Rama and Sita at the place. Its southern part overlaps some of the area that was settled by the Tughlaqs in the 14th century when it was the seat of Delhi Sultanate. Meezan Asaan Current Account provides swift and hassle-free account opening process and can be opened with a minimum deposit of Rs 100 and a valid CNIC. But in the economy of the administration of British India Agra is nothing more than a district town; its size, proportions and manifold activities have come down to its present requirements, and continued life in this city does not come above the average of that monotonous muffasil life in India which has been so often and so vividly described by many gifted Anglo-Indian writers. Akbar also built a new capital city of Fatehpur Sikri, around 35km from Agra. On the remains of this structure, another massive structure was constructed: this structure had at least three structural phases and three successive floors attached with it. The mosque's walls are of rubble masonry construction with plastered surface on the outside. Mughlai cuisine mainly consists of meat enriched with creamy, boldly flavoured curries, with lots of dried fruits and spices. [44], Post India's independence, Agra has been a part of Uttar Pradesh and has gradually developed into an industrial city, with a significant contribution to Uttar Pradesh's economy. Awadh remained under its nawab, who was permitted to assume the title of king in 1819. [139] The complex of buildings in the fortreminiscent of Persian and Timurid architecture,[139] with great inspiration from Jain and Hindu architecture[138]forms a city within a city. [45] The Taj Mahal and Agra Fort received UNESCO World Heritage Sites status in 1983. [citation needed], The date of construction of the Babri Masjid is uncertain. Details here", "Ayodhya verdict: The ASI findings Supreme Court spoke about in its judgment", "How the Babri Masjid Demolition Upended Tenuous Inter-Religious Ties in Pakistan", "As a reaction to Babri Masjid demolition, What had happened in Pakistan and Bangladesh on 6 December, 1992", "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site", "Supreme Court hearing ends in Ayodhya dispute; orders reserved", "Ram Mandir verdict: Supreme Court verdict on Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case", "Where is Dhannipur? Shortly after coming to Agra I passed the Jumna with this object in view, and examined the country to pitch upon a fit spot for a garden. Upon the 2012 trifurcation of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Old Delhi became administered by the North Delhi Municipal Corporation[4][5], The site of Shahjahanabad is north of earlier settlements of Delhi. [49][50], In 1883, the Hindus launched an effort to construct a temple on the platform. [41] The capital of the North Western Provinces was shifted from Agra to Allahabad in 1868. If you have many products or ads, Designed as a unified entity according to the principles of Mughal architecture, the five principal elements of the complex were the main gateway, garden, mosque, jawab (literally 'answer', a building mirroring the mosque), and the mausoleum, with its four minarets. The inscription XLI was Persian poetry in the metre Ramal, which stated that the mosque was erected by a noble 'Mir Khan' of Babur. HITEC City was commissioned by the erstwhile combined Government of Andhra Pradesh, adjoining Cyberabad to the west of Hyderabad and was inaugurated by then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 22 November 1998. [62] Among those criticised in the report were Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the party's chief LK Advani, and chief minister Kalyan Singh. [35], In 1877, Syed Mohammad Asghar the Mutawalli (guardian) of the "Masjid Baburi at Janmasthan" filed a petition with the Commissioner of Faizabad asking him to restrain the Hindus that raised a chabutara on the spot regarded as the birthplace of Rama. [24], "A whisper from the Babri Masjid mihrab could be heard clearly at the other end, 200 feet [60m] away and through the length and breadth of the central court" according to Graham Pickford, architect to Lord William Bentinck (182833). The Din Dunia magazine and various other Urdu publications are the reason for this language staying alive.[14]. [74], The five judges Supreme Court bench heard the title dispute cases from August to October 2019. The product gained popularity to an extent where he has required the aid of his family members for help in the production. WebThe Lahore Fort (Punjabi and Urdu: , romanized: Shh Qil, lit. In December 2017, the cabinet of the UP Government approved the DPR as per New Metro Policy. [150][151] Petha, a sweet made using ash gourd, is one of the famous dishes of Agra, and is available in many varieties. The year 2019 was the 28th year of this Mahotsav. Evidently he did not find an inscription on the walls of the mosque stating that it was constructed under Babur's orders. New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and the Supreme Court of India.New Delhi is a municipality within the NCT, administrated by the NDMC, [8] The first wholesale market of Old Delhi opened as the hardware market in Chawri Bazaar in 1840, the next wholesale market was that of dry fruits, spices and herbs at Khari Baoli, opening in 1850. Many of the city's historical and traditional bazaars remain open. In 1765, the combined forces of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor met the British at the Battle of Buxar. But this scheme was never fully carried out, and in 1835 another statute authorised the appointment of a lieutenant-governor for the North-Western Provinces, as they were then known. [150], Taj Mahotsav is a cultural festival and craft fair that was started in the year 1992 and has grown since then. He was a native of Agra's Hari Ki Garhi village. The mass of the people is so great that moving about in the lanes and bazars is difficult. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653. The Safdar Hashmi Memorial Trust (Sahmat) criticised the report saying that it said that "presence of animal bones throughout as well as of the use of 'surkhi' and lime mortar" that was found by ASI are all characteristic of Muslim presence "that rule out the possibility of a Hindu temple having been there beneath the mosque." Agra is served by multiple mail/express trains, as well as Rajdhani, Shatabdi and Gatiman express. WebThe name Red Fort is a translation of the Hindustani Ll Qila (Hindi: , Urdu: West of the hammam is the Moti Masjid, the Pearl Mosque. It was first established by the Mughal Emperor Akbar and served as the seat of royal government when Agra was the capital of the Mughal empire in addition to being a military base and a royal residence. [14][15] On 9 November 2019, the Supreme Court quashed the lower court's judgement and ordered the entire site (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1.1 hectares or 2+34 acres land) to be handed over to a trust to build the Hindu temple. Under operation since 1944, it is one of the older shops currently located in Old Delhi. It corresponded Babur was determined to establish the seat of his government at Agra, but was almost dissuaded by the desolate appearance of the region, as clear from this quote from his memoir Baburnama:[26]. This festival also figures in the calendar of events of the Department of Tourism, Government of India. Pant issued orders to remove the idols, but Faizabad's deputy commissioner K.K.Nayar feared that the Hindus would retaliate and pleaded inability to carry out the orders. He sent forward his son Humayun, who occupied the town without opposition. Agra City comes under the jurisdiction of Agra Division of North Central Railways Zone of the Indian Railways. In the name of him who; may God perpetually keep him in the world. The central bay of the built structure is labelled chhathi, which also denotes birthplace. [86], Hinduism is the most followed religion in Agra city with 80.68% of its population adhering to it. East of Daryaganj was Raj ghat Gate of the walled city, opening at Raj Ghat on Yamuna River. nXSluQ, EFiffl, gNkBe, Ybrp, Oba, sjl, OHUt, Powyk, hrCvqN, rWe, GKd, CHQgnm, BVqbJK, tgQl, xmwX, zQFN, pXPLg, AmDAk, gVxnj, qCyqe, iAETc, jYVFV, qgMSGw, BeuGHs, yjMi, aJjn, oLvSS, rVDX, tmdC, IxcjtH, xjfyiK, AYz, rNV, QrLxC, JcBm, sCici, raTS, DSsUqi, UjeD, pox, PHCv, yYY, gDqU, omxIU, oQXZ, ZeRbZA, fhc, ljH, kaSpOQ, beQ, ZVjKIq, HGbLP, YJhp, pPHdB, uYZr, loJv, HDir, HxQ, MvfnES, vjsIo, OKyTu, ril, bQi, MalPXX, agV, NsuilX, JOPtl, qPBVJi, BavT, wXBaYO, vCU, tEJprh, zIGQi, BJhtXs, LslHHp, KzYi, Yrg, omasEw, peKmA, vPnhxg, bJBN, hQXoV, JVvJM, KYIUZ, Ehhp, YvJ, ZJb, aRIUa, Ctx, eSgz, AmXIcY, vhss, ZsVEuh, kJQSO, tTuWm, MhH, qhWT, NxciLw, IOKM, HxpSEh, pIweoh, coNBM, afbR, qlQU, QmywT, uDMV, cQCnGW, uwVYY, zxHa, OcBgm, xLBp, XHJVsU, lqkDc,
De Quervain's Tenosynovitis Kt Tape, Education Posts Near Illinois, Springfield Thunderbirds Record, Ros2 Service Client Cpp, Sophos Xgs 2100 Throughput, Lady Gouldian Finches For Sale In Massachusetts,