Significant deviations may nevertheless occur, due to relativistic effects,[m] which dramatically change physical properties on both atomic and macroscopic scales. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. The only thing we know is that platinum will accumulate in the roots of plants after uptake. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. Uses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. Also see the full list of chemical elements and atomic weights. 41. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earths crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. Nor shall the RSC be in any event liable for any damage to your computer equipment or software which may occur on account of your access to or use of the Site, or your downloading of materials, data, text, software, or images from the Site, whether caused by a virus, bug or otherwise. WebA compound is always homogeneous (uniform). Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110", "High-precision mass measurement of neutron-rich 96Kr", "Production rates for cosmogenic krypton and argon isotopes in H-chondrites with known, Development of Laser-Based Resonance Ionization Techniques for 81-Kr and 85-Kr Measurements in the Geosciences, "Atomic weights of the elements. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. These values were determined using several different methods. WebA molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. This week, we clarify the importance of the often misunderstood molybdenum. [3], Calculations of solution chemistry indicate that the maximum oxidation state of dubnium, +5, will be more stable than those of niobium and tantalum and the +3 and +4 states will be less stable. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. Covalent radiusHalf of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Compounds _____ be separated by physical means. Sublimation A vertical column in the periodic table. Uses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. WebConnection to the Still Force allows whoever taps into it to negate motion, bearing the potential to induce and accelerate the force of entropy. This greatly limits extended research on the element. World production of platinum is around 155 tonnes a year and reserves total more than 30.000 tonnes. The trend in volatilities was found to be NbOCl3 > TaOCl3 DbOCl3, so that dubnium behaves in line with periodic trends. When atoms approach one another, their nuclei and electrons interact and tend to distribute themselves in space in such a way that the total energy is lower than it would be in any alternative arrangement. Platinum has many uses. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. Secondly, elements 104 and 105 were given names favored by JINR, despite earlier recognition of LBL as an equal co-discoverer for both of them. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Text The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 Molecules are the smallest units of compounds that can exist. (The three 6d electrons normally occupy the lowest energy levels, 6d3/2. To ensure this activity was not from a different reaction, the team attempted other reactions: bombarding 249Cf with 14N, Pb with 15N, and Hg with 15N. Notes on the properties of Krypton: Density: Density at 0 Celsius. Strontium. Alchemist-hp. [82], In 2009, at the JAEA tandem accelerator in Japan, dubnium was processed in nitric and hydrofluoric acid solution, at concentrations where niobium forms NbOF4 and tantalum forms TaF6. Three-quarters of the world's platinum comes from South Africa, where it occurs as cooperite, while Russia is the second largest produced, followed by North America. Kratom commonly refers to an herbal substance that can produce opioid- and stimulant-like effects.Kratom and kratom-based products are currently legal and accessible in many areas, though U.S. and international agencies continue to review emerging evidence to inform kratom policy. It is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. If you are in any doubt, please ask. Its half-life is only 58 minutes. Leguminous plants have root nodules that contain these nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Covalent radiusHalf of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. It is defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. This was rejected by American scientists and the decision was retracted. Theoretical research establishes dubnium as a member of group 5 in the 6d series of transition metals, placing it under vanadium, niobium, and tantalum. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. Applying VSEPR theory to simple molecules, Molecular orbitals of period-2 diatomic molecules, Computational approaches to molecular structure, https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-bonding, Chemistry LibreTexts - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding. The name is derived from the Greek 'molybdos' meaning lead. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. Group A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. It is a strong metal with low density that is quite ductile (especially in an oxygen-free environment), lustrous, and metallic-white in color. A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. Using a cyclotron to undertake a similar reaction, they. NIDA supports research towards better A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. WebPhysical Properties of Krypton Krypton Symbol: Kr Melting Point: 157 C Boiling Point: 153 C Density: 3.73 10 -3 g.cm -3 at 20C Atomic Mass: 83.80 g.mol -1 Atomic Number: 36 Electronegativity: 3 Classification: Krypton is a noble gas. In medieval times, when maps were bedecked with strange and exotic unknowns, where the corners might be inscribed 'Here be monsters', the most distant place that could be conceived, lying beyond the borders of the known world, was labelled 'Ultima Thule'. Rb. The others are platinum-198 (7%), platinum-192 (1%) and platinum-190 (0.01%). Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. WebExpert Answer. This article begins by describing the historical evolution of the current understanding of chemical bonding and then discusses how modern theories of the formation of chemical bonds have emerged and developed into a powerful description of the structure of matter. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Group WebThulium is a chemical element with the symbol Tm and atomic number 69. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earths crust. Several studies have investigated the properties of element 105 and found that they generally agreed with the predictions of the periodic law. Similar effects have been found for the outermost s orbitals (and p1/2 ones, though in dubnium they are not occupied): for example, the 7s orbital contracts by 25% in size and is stabilized by 2.6eV. Relative atomic mass They claimed JINR was only able to unambiguously demonstrate the synthesis of element 105 a year after they did. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. Platinum and its alloys are used in surgical tools, laboratory utensils, electrical resistance wires, and electrical contact points. [3], The first isothermal gas chromatography experiments were performed in 1992 with 262Db (half-life 35 seconds). Nobelium is made by bombarding curium with carbon in a device called a cyclotron. [47], After observing the alpha decays of element 105, the researchers aimed to observe spontaneous fission (SF) of the element and study the resulting fission fragments. [25], Stability of a nucleus is provided by the strong interaction. Dubnium should share most properties, such as its valence electron configuration and having a dominant +5 oxidation state, with the other group 5 elements, with a few anomalies due to relativistic effects. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The new element was announced in the autumn of 1781. What the effects of platinum on animals and the environment may be has not yet been researched very extensively. [47], These results did not confirm the JINR findings regarding the 9.4MeV or 9.7MeV alpha decay of 260105, leaving only 261105 as a possibly produced isotope. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. In the periodic table of chemical elements, Krypton is placed in period 4 and one of the members of Group 18 elements. Distributieweg 3 2645 EG Delfgauw The Netherlands Phone: +31 152 610 900 fax: +31 152 616 289 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, 5975 Sunset Drive South Miami, FL 33143 USA Phone: +1 877 453 8095 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, Level 6 - OFFICE #101-One JLT Tower Jumeirah Lake Towers Dubai - U.A.E. This isotope is produced by the nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear weapons testing and in nuclear reactors, as well as by cosmic rays. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. Click here to view videos about Molybdenum, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements. WebIn June 1999 the Lawrence Berkeley Lab in California, one of the few places in the world that does this sort of work announced in the journal Physical Review Letters that they had succeeded in making ununhexium and ununoctium, which in plain English means elements 116 and 118, by bashing a lead target with krypton nuclei. First ionisation energyThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. If you are in any doubt, please ask. The glass industry uses platinum for optical fibers and liquid crystal display glass, especially for laptops. Krypton is one of the noble gases. Being a member of noble gases family, the typical properties of krypton gas are: colorless, odorless and tasteless. Boiling point Recommended videos Powered by AnyClip AnyClip Product Demo 2022 AnyClip Product Demo 2022 NOW PLAYING Feature Vignette: Live For a detailed discussion of the structure and properties of atoms, see atom. WebKrypton (from Ancient Greek: , romanized: kryptos 'the hidden one') is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. In the same way, the Dubna laboratory might have missed out on the initial glory but now they are recognized as discoverers and linked forever to a name that has so much more impact than joliotium could ever have managed. WebUses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. This led LBL to believe that JINR did not have enough experimental data to back their claim. This week's element takes us into the unknown, entering dark, mysterious lands. Move to Bromine. The group 5 elements are known to sorb on glass surfaces; the group 4 elements do not. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earths crust. However, it is inevitable that krypton-85 is released during the reprocessing of fuel rods from nuclear reactors. Producing it was an achievement, but it has no practical value, nor is it ever likely to gain one. [3], Experimental results of the chemistry of dubnium date back to 1974 and 1976. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. The discoverers named it joliotium after Irene Joliot-Curie, Pierre and Marie Curie's daughter. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. The scientists bombarded 243Am with a beam of 22Ne ions, and reported 9.4MeV (with a half-life of 0.13 seconds) and 9.7MeV (t1/2>0.05s) alpha activities followed by alpha activities similar to those of either 256103 or 257103. Electronegativity (Pauling scale)The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. Electronegativity (Pauling scale)The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. Now, next week, an element that seems to be misunderstood. Krypton. [74] Elements with a lower atomic number have stable isotopes with a lower neutronproton ratio than those with higher atomic number, meaning that the target and beam nuclei that could be employed to create the superheavy element have fewer neutrons than needed to form these most stable isotopes. Direct measurements are also possible, but for the most part they have remained unavailable for heaviest nuclei. Group He ground molybdic acid and carbon together in linseed oil to form a paste, heated this to red heat in and produced molybdenum metal. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. The physicists analyze this data and seek to conclude that it was indeed caused by a new element and could not have been caused by a different nuclide than the one claimed. Some molybdenum is obtained as a by-product of tungsten and copper production. It is not certain that the detected fission products confirmed that the parent was indeed element 105. The temperature at which the solidliquid phase change occurs. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. In 1998 and 1999, new predictions suggested that dubnium would extract nearly as well as niobium and better than tantalum from halide solutions, which was later confirmed. Its wear- and tarnish-resistance characteristics are well-suited for making fine jewelry. [45], The first report of the discovery of element 105 came from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union, in April 1968. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. Nor shall the RSC be in any event liable for any damage to your computer equipment or software which may occur on account of your access to or use of the Site, or your downloading of materials, data, text, software, or images from the Site, whether caused by a virus, bug or otherwise. At the same time, the nucleus is torn apart by electrostatic repulsion between protons, as it has unlimited range. The number of protons in an atom. The temperature at which the liquidgas phase change occurs. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. WebData type Isothermal properties Isobaric properties Isochoric properties Saturation properties temperature increments Saturation properties pressure increments Please select the desired standard state convention: Standard state convention Default for fluid Normal B.P. Thulium was first isolated in 1879 as its oxide by Per Teodor Cleve at the University of Uppsala, Sweden. Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by. This page was last edited on 22 November 2022, at 22:59. Text The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.With rare exceptions, krypton is chemically inert.. Krypton, like the Dubnium does not occur naturally on Earth and is produced artificially. Sr. 87.62. In 1956, a team led by Georgy Flerov at the Institute of Atomic Energy, Moscow, synthesised element 102 by bombarding plutonium with oxygen and got atoms of element 102, isotope-252. The krypton-86 discharge lamp operating at the triple point of nitrogen (63.14 K, 210.01 C) was the state-of-the-art light source for interferometry in 1960, but it was soon to be superseded by a new invention: the laser, of which the first working version was constructed in the same year as the redefinition of the metre. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. Platinum bonds are often applied as a medicine to cure cancer. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. Updates? Specific Heat: Value given for The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. Lord dans Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992. You may not further copy, alter, distribute or otherwise use any of the materials from this Site without the advance, written consent of the RSC. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. These values were determined using several different methods. It has been suggested that Alfred Nobel, influenced by his friend the peace campaigner Bertha von Suttner, set up the Nobel Prize as an apology for the harm caused by explosives. Uses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. A physical property is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. [54] JINR suggested establishing an international committee to clarify the discovery criteria. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. Kratom commonly refers to an herbal substance that can produce opioid- and stimulant-like effects. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. [3], This prompted further exploration of the chemical behavior of complexes of dubnium. Pornographic, defamatory, libellous, scandalous, fraudulent, immoral, infringing or otherwise unlawful use of the Images is, of course, prohibited. A horizontal row in the periodic table. But for all the ways we've discovered to use it, of far greater significance - although involving far smaller quantities of molybdenum - is the way we've evolved to make use of it within us. The heaviest[a] atomic nuclei are created in nuclear reactions that combine two other nuclei of unequal size[b] into one; roughly, the more unequal the two nuclei in terms of mass, the greater the possibility that the two react. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. Relative atomic mass Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. Very heavy gas - three times greater than air. So in the end, there was victory all round. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. All such documents and related graphics are provided "as is" without any representation or endorsement made and warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, compatibility, security and accuracy. Molybdenum disulfide is used as a lubricant additive. They traditionally have been labeled Group 0 Uses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. There are 34 known isotopes of krypton (36Kr) with atomic mass numbers from 69 through 102. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact. Y. Since mass of a nucleus is not measured directly but is rather calculated from that of another nucleus, such measurement is called indirect. WebUnunennium, also known as eka-francium or element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Two nuclei can only fuse into one if they approach each other closely enough; normally, nuclei (all positively charged) repel each other due to electrostatic repulsion. Each allotrope has different physical properties. The principal hypothesis is that an anthropogenic alteration of the electric state of the atmosphere could alter other meterological phenomena and lead to significant environmental impacts. To achieve this insight, it is necessary to resort to a fully quantum mechanical description. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. Platinum is used as a component of several metal products, such as electrodes and it can be used as a catalyser of a number of chemical reactions. The concentrations of platinum in the soil, water and air are very minimal. It had a small amount of an unknown substance which gave a slight variation to the atomic weight. Electron configuration Colorless. He wanted to celebrate historic Scandinavian culture - and even if he didn't quite position the mythological land correctly, for Cleve his new discovery would remain the Ultima Thule. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. They examined whether the most stable oxidation state of dubnium in aqueous solution was +5. The strong interaction can overcome this repulsion but only within a very short distance from a nucleus; beam nuclei are thus greatly accelerated in order to make such repulsion insignificant compared to the velocity of the beam nucleus. Cleve was examining the erbium oxide separated from the mix and found that this too was corrupted. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. The key breakthrough came from the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhlelm Scheele, better known as 'Hard luck Scheele' because he made a whole series of chemical discoveries, including oxygen, only for others to go and get the credit. WebUses and properties John Emsley, Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, New York, 2nd Edition, 2011. And that's not an effort that would be put in for nothing. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. This proposal was accepted in 1974 and a neutral joint group formed. Some of krypton's physical properties: Colorless, tasteless, oderless and is a noble gas. Both teams ignored it as they did not wish to weaken their outstanding claims. WebInteractive periodic table with element scarcity (SRI), discovery dates, melting and boiling points, group, block and period information. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education, Its Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, accessed December 2014. Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Periodic Table of Videos, accessed December 2014. Mistaken-identity history, it's miscredited discoverer, its misleading and often mis-spelled name, all add to the aura of comedy and confusion around molybdenum..and yet it's an element that's right at the root of life - not just human life, but pretty much all life on the planet: yes you'll find tiny amounts of it in everything from the filaments of electric heaters to missiles to protective coatings in boilers, and its high performance at high temperatures mean it has a range of commercial applications. [3], The next studies on the chemistry of dubnium were conducted in 1988, in Berkeley. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, which are used until the element is discovered, confirmed, and a permanent name is decided upon. Melting point The properties of a compound are usually different than the properties of the elements it contains. WebThe quantities of krypton-85, that will be produced in the next century, are sufficient, if released, to alter the electrical state of the atmosphere. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. WebThis report compiles the physical properties of krypton and of potential krypton-85 storage materials which are required to calculate the maximum temperature developed during storage. Such numerical approaches to the chemical bond provide important information about bonding. The ideas that helped to establish the nature of chemical bonding came to fruition during the early 20th century, after the electron had been discovered and quantum mechanics had provided a language for the description of the behaviour of electrons in atoms. The main mining areas are in the USA, China, Chile and Peru. The image is of a valve wheel, reflecting the use of molybdenum alloys in valves and boilers. We welcome your feedback. In such cases we would ask you to sign a Visual Elements licence agreement, tailored to the specific use you propose. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. Sublimation A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. Although simple models of bonding are useful as rules of thumb for rationalizing the existence of compounds and the physical and chemical properties and structures of molecules, they need to be justified by appealing to more-sophisticated descriptions of bonding. The American scientists "reluctantly" approved this decision. In the periodic table of The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. [citation needed]. The disclaimer is simple: If you use anything on this site or linked to from this site, do so at your own risk. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. Nor shall the RSC be in any event liable for any damage to your computer equipment or software which may occur on account of your access to or use of the Site, or your downloading of materials, data, text, software, or images from the Site, whether caused by a virus, bug or otherwise. It's one of the rare earths, elements that are largely misnamed as they are quite common. Other elements in the same group will have similar chemical and physical properties to krypton. Data for this section been provided by the. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. You may browse, download or print out one copy of the material displayed on the Site for your personal, non-commercial, non-public use, but you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials. When irradiated in a nuclear reactor, thulium produces an isotope that emits x-rays. Solid krypton is white. The only natural isotope of thulium, usually found as an oxide is thulium 169. Thulium is a chemical element with the symbol Tm and atomic number 69. [20][21] If fusion does occur, the temporary mergertermed a compound nucleusis an excited state. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. In practice, these descriptions entail heavy reliance on computers. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Consequently, platinum levels in air may be higher on certain locations, for instance in garages, in tunnels and on terrains of trucking companies. Each allotrope has different physical properties. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. WebPubMed comprises more than 34 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Microrganisms may be able to convert platinum substances to more dangerous substances in soils, but on this subject we also have little information. If the total energy of a group of atoms is lower than the sum of the energies of the component atoms, they then bond together and the energy lowering is the bonding energy. The elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og). Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Element 102 is one of the more stable of the short-lived artificial transfermium elements with a half life of 58 minutes for nobelium 259. Krypton is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. J.A. Based on prior theoretical predictions, the two activity lines were assigned to 261105 and 260105, respectively. 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