does milk cause prostate cancer

Cancer Lett. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the There are other cases where prostate cancer becomes a more pressing concern. Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. Although the last two studies may seem on the surface to suggest that milk fat may cause breast cancer, they observed no association with butter,22 nor with the total amount of milk fat consumed from all sources.21 The studies, therefore, provide neither a convincing association with milk itself nor with milk fat. Prior studies may have missed the curvilinear effect or non-uniform rise in risk between dairy consumption and prostate cancer if most of those participants already drank more than one cup of milk per day. Black men are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men and are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than other men.. Ditch the Dairy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. WebSeveral studies suggest that coffee may lower a mans odds of getting prostate cancer. Find out Ten Worst Foods For Prostate Health. I have a report on the carcinogenic content of milk, would you mind helping me? Le MG, Moulton LH, Mill C, Kramer A. There is conflicting information about how dairy affects cancer. Would you like email updates of new search results? What causes BPH? One study merely observes that between 1950 and 1970, Japanese consumption of milk, meat, eggs, fats and oils increased while consumption of rice and potatoes decreased, and then proceeds to analyze the association between colorectal cancer and age, gender, geography and ethnicity; it provides no analysis of the relationship between colorectal cancer and milk consumption at all.23 A second report found a relationship between bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup and beer and colon cancer when these six foods were analyzed together as a single group, but found no actual relationship with milk itself.24 A third was a case-control study that found an association with whole milk only and not with low-fat milk, yet found no association with total consumption of milk fat, thus incriminating neither the protein fraction nor the fat fraction of milk.21, Finally, although the fourth study found that the regions of Italy that had higher per capita milk consumptions also had higher rates of colon cancer, milk consumption was much more strongly associated with latitude, which itself was the primary predictor of all cancers analyzed.25 Had it been known 20 years ago when this paper was published that vitamin D is a powerful inhibitor of colon cancer,26 the authors would likely have adjusted the results for latitude and concluded that milk consumption was associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer, which was the conclusion of a meta-analysis of ten prospective cohort studies published in 2004.27 A more recent prospective cohort study showed that the consumption of four or more servings of high-fat dairy foods per day was associated with a 41 percent reduced risk of colorectal cancer, while low-fat dairy had no effect.28, Cordain cites four case-control studies associating milk consumption with the risk of lung cancer. Hello -. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that betacellulin contributes to cancer, while the CLA in milk fat cancels out this effect. Bookshelf Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) directly cancels out the effect of betacellulin on cancer cells and prevents cancer in laboratory experiments, especially in conjunction with saturated fat. Forest plot for high compared with low consumption of milk and dairy products., Forest plot for dose-response analyses of milk and dairy product consumption. Loren Cordain, PhD, author of The Paleo Diet, has proposed the theory that a growth factor in milk called betacellulin may contribute to "This issue needs a little more clarity before we conclude that there is a causal link, but there could be, and if you had a bad family history of prostate cancer, I would be inclined to go on a plant-based diet now," Fraser said. There are various suggested reasons for this mechanism of action. WebThe overall positive association between milk consumption and the risk of prostate cancer development and prostate cancer mortality has been well documented in Researchers then used cancer state registries to follow up on the participants prostate cancer status for an average time of nearly eight years. So, should we all be having a Veganuary? Symptoms 12 Tips for coping with an enlarged prostate Why [], Thank You! * P, MeSH Unfortunately as awareness has risen, the advice around health and diet has become increasingly confusing. In an advanced stage, treatment will generally focus on providing relief of symptoms. This includes the prostate gland. These can taste great without containing any type of dairy. NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The amount of calcium and vitamin D in the diet appears to have little or no impact on the risk of prostate cancer, but the consumption of low-fat or nonfat milk may increase the risk of the malignancy, according to the results of two studies published in the American Journal of Epidemiology. Recently, an extensive population study from the UK estimated that a 35g per day increase in dairy protein raises the risk of prostate cancer by 32% . Michael J Orlich, Andrew D Mashchak, Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, Jason T Utt, Synnove F Knutsen, Lars E Sveen, Gary E Fraser, Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study2. Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment. Mettlin CJ, Piver MS. A case-control study of milk-drinking and ovarian cancer risk. The results from other largestudies, with adequate numbers of advanced and fatal prostate cancers, may shed further light on this question, Parks team concludes. Dairy, in particular, is often claimed to be both good and bad for our health! 2005; 45(6): 463-82. California Do Not Sell My Personal Information Request. Li XM, Ganmaa D, Sato A. Although these studies could be interpreted to suggest an association between milk and pancreatic cancer, the ecological study design is the least reliable design for evaluating the effects of nutrients and foods, which act on individuals rather than populations. The meta-analysis showed that the results of case-control studies were conflicting, while the results of prospective cohort studies were consistent. As we settle in to the New Year, PCRC Research Communications Intern Kath investigates whether we should all be having a Veganuary. Nutr Cancer. Raw Milk Protects Against Respiratory Infections. The nutrients found in dairy are incredibly important for health and there is currently not enough evidence to link dairy consumption with an increased risk of prostate cancer. For example, it may be that individuals with high dairy intake are more likely to smoke or less likely to exercise. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Could Milk Raise a Man's Odds for Prostate Cancer? Does Dairy Increase Your Risk Of Prostate Cancer? Fraser and colleagues previously published similar findings linking dairy to breast cancer. Grass-fed milk contains five times more CLA than grain-fed milk and is rich in saturated fat. A prospective study of calcium intake and incident of fatal prostate cancer. The research is published in the June 8 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 90: 877-885. It seems possible that the same biological mechanisms are at work. However, Fraser says this study does not yet conclusively indicate that milk causes prostate cancer. The prostate gland is essentially part of the male reproductive system. When itching is traced to skin cancer, the cancer is usually a non-melanoma type, such as squamous cell carcinoma or, less often, basal cell carcinoma. Dunbar AJ, Priebe IK, Belford DA, Goddard C. Identification of betacellulin as a major peptide growth factor in milk: purification, characterization and molecular cloning of bovine betacellulin. Data from several prospective studies have supported an association, but many other studies have failed to establish a link. Am J Clin Nutr. Men who are concerned about their risk of cancer should consider adding these to their diet. The former vice president has become the Democratic front-runner with primary victories across the country. Men with a family history of prostate cancer have a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. Without these essential nutrients the risk of osteoporosis, a condition which leads to weak and fragile bones, may increase. any help would be very much appreciated. As with any other food, the effect of milk on cancer is determined not by any single molecule within it, but by the concerted effect of all its chemical components acting together. 2005; 11(33): 5142-50. There are a few dairy-free butter options too. The Mirror reported Eating cheese, butter and yoghurt increases prostate cancer risk, The Daily Mail proclaimed that Consuming lots of milk, cheese and butter may raise the risk of prostate cancer by up to 76%, and The Express warned Prostate cancer warning: Eating this popular food may increase your risk. 2022 Aug 8;14:2389-2397. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S326114. Every individuals health depends on a number of factors so you should always consult your doctor when considering making big changes to your diet. Neither of the two studies Cordain cites associating milk with stomach cancer is convincing. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. Dairy intake itself, by contrast, had no relationship, although the researchers did not distinguish between low-fat and full-fat milk.37 Fortunately, dietary intake of vitamin D appears to protect against the calcium-mediated increase in prostate cancer risk.38 This may provide one reason why studies that distinguish between low-fat and full-fat milk show that low-fat milk and skim milkand especially calcium from these sourcesare associated with an increased risk, while whole milk or calcium from whole milk either have no relationship39 or have even a slight, though not significant, inverse association.38. Some people have a higher chance of developing the condition than others. Men who consume large amounts of milk or other dairy products may have a slightly higher risk of developing prostate cancer than men who don't, 2005; 82(4): 894-900. Other than his passion for writing, Dr. Ahmed spends his time outside the hospital at the gym or with a good book. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A poor diet tends to consist of saturated fats and sugar-based foods. Br J Cancer. It also ensures the man can continue enjoying products that are similar to dairy. Spina CS, Tangpricha V, Uskokovic M, Adorinic L, Maehr H, Holick MF. Xiang G, LaValley MP, Tucker KL. Of the several types of epidemiological studies, prospective cohort studies are the most reliable because they record dietary data before the diseases they are looking for develop; case-control studies are less reliable because they are retrospective and therefore subject to recall bias; ecological studies are the least reliable because they examine variables that act on individuals, such as milk-drinking, at the level of the population rather than the individual. By the end of the study period, state cancer registries reported 1,254 new prostate cancer cases among the participants during follow-up. Several alternatives to dairy exist. This is only one of the many risk factors that should be taken into consideration. The study did have its share of limitations. Given that the epidemiological evidence fails to convincingly indict even commercial whole milk in the causation of any cancer and even suggests it may be protective against some cancers, we can be confident that real milk consumed in its natural state is both nourishing and safe. Because calcitriol has anti-carcinogenic effects on prostate cells, reducing the amount of calcitriol in circulation could increase the risk of prostate cancer. FOIA Attitudes and adherence to changes in nutrition and physical activity following surgery for prostate cancer: a qualitative study. Corella Piquer D, Cortina Greus P, Coltell Simon O. The ideal solution would be to limit the intake of dairy foods. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6202297/, https://www.pcf.org/c/agent-orange-prostate-cancer/, https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0234-y, https://www.nature.com/articles/pcan201639, https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/91/5/414/2549334, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6942208_Is_there_a_role_for_a_low-carbohydrate_ketogenic_diet_in_the_management_of_prostate_cancer, https://www.pcrm.org/health-topics/prostate-cancer, https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqac093/6603759, Genetics plays a role certain genetic factors seem to increase the patients chance of being. WebUnmodified cow's milk does not meet nutritional requirements of infants although it is acceptable to add small volumes of cow's milk to complementary foods. Role of Olaparib in the Management of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Japanese Clinician's Perspective. Meta-analyses pool the results of a large number of published studies together and can be a useful tool for examining the totality of the epidemiological evidence. While exposure has been minimized in modern times, there are still men who have been exposed to Agent Orange a few decades ago. Keywords: Milk and dairy product consumption has been associated with an increase in prostate cancer risk; however, discrepancies have been observed in the A collection of moments during and after Barack Obama's presidency. Dhiman TR, Nam SH, Ure AL. WebMilk and other dairy foods in relation to prostate cancer recurrence: Data from the cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor (CaPSURE). This can help the patient experience a slight elevation in the quality of life for the time being. None of these studies distinguished between low-fat and full-fat milk. Although researchers have not determined how much of the betacellulin in milk will actually survive digestion in the adult gastrointestinal tract, laboratory experiments show that milk contains substances that will inhibit the ability of isolated digestive juices to break down other growth factors,4 so it is possible that much or all of the betacellulin that we consume is biologically active. products are intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes and prostate cancer risk in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study cohort. In these situations, the prostate cancer is often not considered to be a significantly severe condition. Thus, several factors related to dairy intake might contribute to an increased risk of prostate cancer. Evidence shows that supplementation with vitamin D has the potential to slow or reverse the progression of less aggressive or low-grade prostate tumors. Taller men also have a higher risk of developing an aggressive form of prostate cancer. In some studies, men who ate the highest amount of fat each day had an increased risk of prostate cancer. The association was even greater, however, especially for advanced prostate cancer, with total calcium intake.36. Copyright 2022 HealthDay. Up to 75% of lactating dairy cows are pregnant, and prostate cancer is a hormone-responsive cancer. A 2022 study found that men at the 90th percentile of dairy intake (430g/d) compared with the 10th percentile (20.2g/d) had a higher risk of prostate cancer. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. High-fat dairy food and conjugated linoleic acid intakes in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Copyright 2022, All rights reserved. The race also seems to play a role. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Jan; 168(1): 203-12. By contrast, the pooled results of the more reliable cohort studies showed a moderate increase in risk for low-fat milk and no association at all with whole milk. An increase in adipose tissue causes a higher risk of BPH. The Adventist Health Study is funded in part through the generosity of the Ardmore Institute of Health. A few coconut-based yogurt products are also available. These headlines were based on a study from the Mayo Clinic, where researchers conducted a review of 47 studies investigating diet and prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control. In particular, the calcium found in dairy is very important for bone health. *. The DNA of these cells become mutated. Obese people also have more inflammation in their bodies. Stress that is left unresolved has a big influence on every aspect of your health, including the prostate. Whether you are writing one for the first time or updating it, we can help you. A recent Harvard study showed that total calcium intake had a clear and strong relationship to the risk of prostate cancer, and that this was associated with reduced levels of activated calcitriol. A recent study has even claimed there may be a link between dairy consumption and prostate cancer risk. Our findings add important weight to other evidence associating dairy products, rather than non-dairy calcium, as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer, said Gary Fraser, MBChB, PhD, the study's principal investigator and professor at Loma Linda University School of Medicine and School of Public Health. On the other hand, such results could be confounded by other variables, especially in populations that consider low-fat milk to be a healthier choice than whole milk, in which case low-fat milk could simply be an indicator of a healthier lifestyle and whole milk an indicator of a less healthy lifestyle. Med Hypotheses. 2004; 110(2): 271-7. Age is one of the primary risk factors for prostate cancer the odds of you developing prostate cancer increases as you get older. Axelsson G, Liljeqvist T, Andersson L, Bergman B, Rylander R. Dietary Factors and Lung Cancer among Men in West Sweden. The average age of diagnosis for testicular cancer is about 33 years old. Prostate cancer is most often found in men in their 60s. 2001; 74: 549-54. Although they appear on the surface to suggest that milk fat contributes to cancer, the only one of these studies that analyzed the risk associated with the consumption of increasing amounts of milk fat found that higher intakes of milk fat were associated with a reduced risk, although this effect was not statistically significant.21 Perhaps the consumption of low-fat milk acts as a marker for healthy behavior (such as avoidance of sugar or cigarettes) while that of whole milk acts as a marker for general disregard for health advice; or perhaps those who are diagnosed with cancer are more likely to recall drinking more whole milk in the past if they perceive doing so to be unhealthy; regardless, the results do not support a role for either milk protein or milk fat in contributing to lung cancer. One article explains how the western-style diet is contributing to prostate cancer. Sign up to receive the latest updates from U.S News & World Report and our trusted partners and sponsors. Since there is no less betacellulin in low-fat milk than in full-fat milk, these results certainly do not support Cordains hypothesis. Additionally, studies on dairy and prostate cancer risk are particularly difficult as researchers often have to estimate the dairy intake of participants so some results may not be accurate. Georg Med. The dark side of this essential molecule, according to Cordain, is that it passes into the adult digestive tract intact, where it is taken up by receptors and can then enter circulation and stimulate the growth of cancer cells throughout the body. This includes processed meats. Does consuming milk cause cancer? Even if betacellulin in commercial milk does promote cancer, it may only be able to do so in the absence of the protective factors found in the fat of naturally and traditionally produced milk. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy099. New study associates intake of dairy milk with greater risk of prostate cancer. Animal and cellular experiments suggest that the CLA in grass-fed, whole milk would powerfully protect us against cancer, especially in conjunction with the rich array of vitamins, minerals and raw whey proteins naturally present in real milk. Robert C. Atkins recommends consuming 20g carbohydrates daily, and he warns against excessive consumption in the initial stages. Int J Cancer. Epub 2021 Nov 8. The synthesis methods included dairy product exposure (high compared with low consumption or dose-response), dairy product type (total dairy products, milk, cheese, yogurt, and others), and prostate cancer outcomes (total, nonadvanced, and advanced prostate cancer and mortality) displayed in forest plots. Health effects of milk consumption: phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study. There is a long history of healthy populations maintaining excellent bone structure, straight cavity-free teeth, and resistance to disease on diets that include, sometimes even center on, milk and other dairy products from grass-fed animals. Total calcium intake was tied to advanced and fatal disease, but both associations fell short of statistical significance. Researchers have found that cells in the patients prostate tend to become abnormal. As normal cells in the prostate die, these mutated cells continue to live. When human breast and colon cancer cells are bathed in high-CLA milk fat from cows raised on pasture, the milk fat decreases the number of cancer cells between 58 and 90 percent.8,9 Unfortunately, such experiments have not utilized whole milk, which would contain betacellulin in addition to CLA, so we cannot conclusively define the type of balance needed between these two components. There is a strong connection between stress and BPH due to its impact on hormonal balance and the release of adrenaline, which stimulates smooth muscle cells in the prostate and bladder. Loren Cordain, PhD, author of The Paleo Diet, has proposed the theory that a growth factor in milk called betacellulin may contribute to cancer. This refers to prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Does Consuming Milk Increase Your Risk For Prostate Cancer? 2006; 118(2): 431-41. All of these are excellent substitutions for cows milk. Association of dairy intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japanese adults: a 25-year population-based cohort. Leave a legacy for generations to come by gifting PCR in your will. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. The studys results reveal that men who consumed about 430 grams of dairy per day (1 cups of milk) faced a 25% increased risk of prostate cancer compared to men who consumed only 20.2 grams of dairy per day (1/2 cup of milk per week). 2006; 7(3): 495-501. The researchers mention animal fats and milk-based products. The Mirror reported Eating cheese, butter and yoghurt increases prostate cancer risk , The Daily Mail proclaimed that Consuming lots of milk, cheese and butter All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. Bermejo LM, Lpez-Plaza B, Santurino C, Cavero-Redondo I, Gmez-Candela C. Adv Nutr. Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits cell proliferation and ErbB3 signaling in HT-29 human colon cell line. Fermented dairy products may affect prostate cancer risk through their effects on intestinal microbiome. Milk intake may increase proliferation of cancer cells through elevated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), which is linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer. The intake of dietary supplements is an easy way to support prostate health. There isnt reliable evidence indicating that casein causes cancer in humans. Treatment becomes significantly more difficult in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer2. Other studies haven't found this association. This causes damage to the prostate gland. Some links between milk and prostate cancer exist. A prior study from Adventist Health Study-2 about the effects of dairy on breast cancer risk in women reported similar results both in the non-uniform risk with increased consumption levels and in the magnitude of risk, Fraser said. Others have even associated dairy with a reduced risk! Whey proteins protect more than red meat against azoxymehtane induced ACF in Wistar rats. Head office - Fyrtorr Ltd 2nd Floor, 5-6 Underhill Street London NW1 7HS, UK, *DISCLAIMER: All testimonials are genuine, unedited and unsolicited comments by Researchers have not yet identified a particular cause. Forest plot for high compared with low consumption of milk and dairy products. Further analysis, Since most of us dont obtain the recommended values of vitamin D through diet, supplementation is a viable solution. 2022 Nov 23;20(1):455. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02658-w. Cancer Manag Res. 2003; 60(2): 268-75. PMC Dairy is known to have many health benefits, it has been shown to be packed full of vital nutrients like calcium and protein. Before Authors of the paper include Laurence N. Kolonel and a few colleagues. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization and the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the milk protein casein isnt a known or possible carcinogen, which is a substance with the ability to cause cancer in humans. Further analysis, however, suggested that low-fat or nonfat milk did increase the risk of localized tumors or non-aggressive tumors, while whole milk decreased this risk. Treatment is easier with localized prostate cancer. Thouez JP, Ghadirian P, Petitclerc C, Hamelin P. International comparisons of nutrition and mortality from cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and pancreas. This includes the prostate gland among the male population. Accessibility "A Western lifestyle, including diets rich in saturated fats, sedentary behavior and obesity, exhibits convincing evidence to support an association with the development of prostate cancer," Laccetti noted. Consumption of dairy produce and alcohol in a case-control study of breast cancer. 2005; 53(1): 65-72. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055566. Not all U.S. presidents are missed once they leave the White House. Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Juarez M, Gil A, Martnez-Vizcaino V. Adv Nutr. Epidemiological studies do not support a relationship between commercial milk products and cancers of the breast, lung, stomach or pancreas. JNCI. 2019 May 1;10(suppl_2):S224-S238. Lowering carbohydrate intake can also reduce the chances of prostate cancer. When compared to men who consumed just 1 or 2 teaspoons of milk every day, men who drank about 1 cups of milk daily were about 27% more likely to develop Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The epidemiological evidence by and large fails to make a strong case against even commercial milk, especially commercial whole milk. Site by Alchemy Digital, Funding research to increase survival and find a cure for men with advanced prostate cancer. The study did not examine the effect of low-fat milk.19 Although total milk was associated with an increased risk in the second study,20 only the final two distinguished between low-fat milk and whole milk. Question for the forum - Due to prescribed A baseline questionnaire included demographics, family history of prostate cancer, physical activity, alcohol consumption, prostate cancer screening, and BMI. You're All Set! published in 1998 found evidence that men who drank more than two glasses of milk a day were at higher risk of advanced prostate cancer than men who did not consume that much milk. Whole milk seems to cause the highest increase in risk, although studies have also found a greater risk associated with low-fat milk. Dr. Andrew Laccetti, a medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in Montvale, N.J., agreed. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy119. 1989; 43: 608-612. How Can You Reduce Your Risk Of Prostate Cancer Through Diet? In a similar analysis, Dr. Yikyung Park, from the National Cancer Institute at National Institutes (NIH) of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues investigated the relationship of calcium and vitamin D and prostate cancer in 293,888 men enrolled in the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study, conducted between 1995 and 2001. Partnering with companies large and small enables PCR to raise funds as well as develop innovative ways to beat prostate cancer. The cells will also rapidly divide. [Nutritional factors and geographic differences in pancreatic cancer mortality in Spain]. Belobrajdic DP, McIntosh GH, Owens JA. 2006; 15(2): 203-10. Health Conditions This is a hormone. 2022 Aug 4;116(2):314-324. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac093. This means men should also be concerned about their intake of b-carotene. 1990; 13(1-2): 89-99. Regular self-exams are important in proactively screening for testicular cancer. Axelsson G, Rylander R. Diet as Risk for Lung Cancer: A Swedish Case-Control Study. A A. They found that there may be a link between an individuals dairy consumption and their prostate cancer risk. Prostate cancer is the development of cancerous cells within a mans prostate gland. Men also need to understand how their risk of the disease can be reduced. 1986; 77(3): 633-6. One is a case-control study,12 two are prospective cohort studies,13, 14 and the last is a meta-analysis.15 In the case-control study, the consumption of whole milk, but not low-fat or skim milk, was associated with cancer. There are a few studies that show a link. This would be exposed to a substance called Agent Orange. If betacellulin, which is contained in the whey fraction, were contributing to the increased risk of breast cancer, we would expect to see at least as great an increased risk with the consumption of low-fat milk as whole milk, so these results do not support Cordains hypothesis. A plant-based diet, along with the right foods and lifestyle factors, could act as a prevention to developing prostate cancer. He had his work featured in reputable publications such as The Huffington Post. Int J Epidemiol. As part of their analysis, Fraser said he and co-authors separated non-dairy calcium intake (from nuts, seeds, cruciferous and other green vegetables, legumes, fruits, and fortified cereals) from dairy foods intake. It may also be helpful to prevent the disease from developing into advanced prostate cancer. Symptoms of an enlarged prostate Causes of an [], Article Contents What are thesymptoms ofBPH? 2019 May 1;10(suppl_2):S154-S163. Even though we usually ignore stress and hope it will go away on its own, it can only cause more problems. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Mortality: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Dairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies. Biochem J. Nutr Cancer. A higher estrogen-to-androgen ratio is one of the possible reasons. Milk consumption and cancer incidence: a Norwegian prospective study. The American Cancer Society offers more on prostate cancer risk factors. understand that may opt out of bensnaturalhealth Statistical heterogeneity generates uncertainty in the observed results (up to I2 = 77.1%). Factors affecting conjugated linoleic acid content in milk and meat. Men also need to understand how their risk of the disease can be reduced. These nondairy calcium sources did not increase prostate cancer risk in the new study. BMC Med. 1984; 49(6): 723-9. Alvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Sotos-Prieto M, Ruiz JR, Gil A. Adv Nutr. The inclusion criteria were as follows: adult men, meta-analyses of longitudinal studies, dairy product consumption, and risk of prostate cancer or related outcomes. Cavero-Redondo I, Alvarez-Bueno C, Sotos-Prieto M, Gil A, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Ruiz JR. Adv Nutr. Cancer. Betacellulin is a growth factor found in the whey fraction of milk that appears to play important roles in the growth and differentiation of tissues in the fetus and newborn. However, this study's cohort allowed researchers to compare an extensive range of dairy consumption, including very low levels. Because our study cohort showed a great disparity and divergence of dairy intake and calcium levels, we could ask the question with unusual strength.. 2,3. This suggests either that dietary betacellulin does not promote cancer or other protective factors, such as whey proteins, cancel out its effect. "Insulin-like growth factor-1 is known to be a risk factor for prostate and breast cancer, and it turns out that dairy consumption raises the level of this hormone," said study author Dr. Gary Fraser. There are many cases where prostate cancer is localized to the gland itself. Cho HJ, Kim WK, Jung JI, Kim EJ, Lim SS, Kwon DY, Park JH. Always check the list of ingredients to make sure youre not allergic to any compound, check the manufacturers claim, and avoid all products that promise miraculous solutions without evidence. Besides decreased BPH risk and benefits for prostatitis treatment, exercise is beneficial for men with prostate cancer. Foods that contain fats include meats, nuts, oils and dairy products, such as milk and cheese. FYRTORR LTD. (Reg. When compared to men who consumed just 1 or 2 teaspoons of milk every day, men who drank about 1 cups of milk daily were about 27% more likely to develop Oncology. Green tea is more than a weight loss ingredient found in dietary supplements; it is one of the healthiest beverages you can drink. Int J Cancer. March 2012 in Prostate Cancer #1. Similar findings, comparing the same g/d intakes, were demonstrated for advanced prostate cancers. However, Fraser says this study does not yet conclusively indicate that milk causes prostate cancer. Robles LA, Shingler E, McGeagh L, Rowe E, Koupparis A, Bahl A, Shiridzinomwa C, Persad R, Martin RM, Lane JA. Orlich MJ, Mashchak AD, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Utt JT, Knutsen SF, Sveen LE, Fraser GE. Talamini R, LaVecchia C, Decarli A, Franceschi S, Grattoni E, Grigoletto E, Liberati A, Tognoni G. Social factors, diet and breast cancer in a northern Italian population. 1991; 15(5): 357-62. Some of the vegan-friendly butter is loaded with trans fats. Bovine milk inhibits proteolytic degradation of epidermal growth factor in human gastric and duodenal lumen. It is responsible for producing prostate fluids. Hara N, Kiyomi S, Nagai M, Yasuyuki F, Hashimoto T, Yanagawa H. Statistical Analyses on the Pattern of Food Consumption and Digestive-Tract Cancers in Japan. http://www.thepaleodiet.com/newsletter/newsletters/PDNCourierVol2No5.pdf. There is therefore very little that can be concluded from these studies. Some of these health problems affect the prostate gland. The new study wasn't designed to say how, or even if, milk consumption ups the risk for prostate cancer, but researchers have their theories. Also, men who consumed about 430 grams of dairy per day faced an even greater increase in risk when compared to men with zero dairy intake in their diets. World J Gastroenterol. A study from the Cancer Research found that green tea inhibits cancer growth, but catechins (powerful antioxidant compounds) also promote normal prostate size and reduce the risk of BPH and improve urinary function. This article sets the record straight by reviewing the evidence on both sides. It is important to note that such a discovery has been made previously. Peptides. Grass-fed milk is five times higher in CLA than grain-fed milk,10 and the anti-carcinogenic effect of CLA in animals is enhanced when the experimental diet is high in saturated fatthe kind found in whole milkand diminished when it is high in unsaturated fat from vegetable oil.11 We can conclude from this finding that insofar as milk is produced commercially and stripped of its natural fat, it is more likely to promote cancer, and that insofar as milk is produced traditionally and retains its natural fat, it is more likely to protect us from cancer. Kuriki K, Tajima K. The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer and the preventive strategy in Japan. Similar to the first studys findings, skim milk was linked with advanced prostate cancer. Trans-10,cis-21, not cis-9, trans-11, conjugated linoleic acid decreases ErbB3 expression in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Diet plays a role in the well-being of the entire human body. Dietary calcium and dairy products have been thought to increase the risk of prostate cancer by affecting vitamin D metabolism. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Although there are many studies showing hydrolyzed whey protein to protect against cancer in experimental animals, the few studies utilizing non-hydrolyzed whey protein that would contain intact betacellulin have shown conflicting results.5 None, however, has shown whey protein to increase the rate of cancer, despite the presence of betacellulin within it. Part of its mechanism of action is to decrease the transcription and activation of receptors in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. Researchers created a statistical model to control for other factors that could affect the results, including family history of prostate cancer, race or age. He has completed his degree at the University of Alexandria, Egypt. High-fat dairy products are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. 1998; 19(3): 495-504. Excessive consumption of saturated fats increases the risk of prostate cancer. At the same time, it is important to note that a man using dairy products is not guaranteed to develop prostate cancer. Anticancer Res. Adipose tissue refers to the fat content in the body. Cordain cites three ecological studies associating milk with pancreatic cancer. 1991; 68: 672-678. A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science (from inception to 30 April 2018) was conducted. These will generally be promoted as vegan-friendly butter. Cancer in the prostate gland can cause many adverse effects. Margarine, butter, and cheese are also mentioned. Founder of Zayed MD, Dr. Ahmed believes in making the knowledge as accessible as possible to patients. Cancer Detect Prev. Several studies do raise a concern for dairy milk, specifically dairy calcium and protein. Nutr J. Risk Factors Complicationsof BPH Can diet [], Article Contents What is BPH? Six meta-analyses were identified. This held true across all racial and ethnic groups. On the other hand, individuals who follow a plant-based or vegan diet for health reasons may be more health-conscious in general, leading to the lower risk. It may increase their chance of developing the disease. Tags: diet and nutrition, men's health, prostate cancer. It is important to look at the ingredients label, however. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Br J Cancer. The tea is abundant in antioxidants that protect the body from oxidative damage. Vitamin D and cancer. As further studies investigate how dairy consumption could 1985; 6: 220-228. There are, however, cases of more advanced prostate cancer. Both severe and mild cases of prostate cancer exist. and transmitted securely. Those who are of African-American race have an increased risk of prostate cancer. These studies reported on the analysis of the 2 to 32 cohorts (up to 848,395 subjects/38,107 cases; 4-28 y of follow-up) and 2 case-control meta-analyses (12,435 subjects). Abstract. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Finally, finding a link does not necessarily mean that it is dairy consumption which causes or leads to prostate cancer. Home Does Consuming Milk Increase Your Risk For Prostate Cancer? The study is part of the Adventist Health Study-2, a long-term health study exploring the links between lifestyle, diet, and disease among members of the Seventh-day Adventist church. Obese men who lose weight could also have a lower risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer can become a serious disease that holds life-threatening complications. Ulrike Peters, Ph.D., and colleagues performed the study. BMJ Open. Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. "We do know that obesity, consuming too many calories, and not getting enough exercise increases the risk of aggressive prostate cancer," Brawley said. Milk consumption increased the risk for all types of prostate cancer, including the more aggressive form. Rather than incriminating milk, these studies simply remind us of the importance of consuming milk in its natural, unprocessed statethe way nature intended it. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), found in milk fat, is a powerful anti-carcinogen. There was no evidence that calcium or vitamin D from any source increased the risk of prostate cancer. In some cases, the cancer is mild and something that can be easily treated. We take a closer look at some effective strategies that men can use below. Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2. In one cohort study,13 hard cheese was associated with a reduced risk of cancer. The high consumption of these foods leads to an increase in free radicals. Scientists from Harvard explain that active men are less likely to suffer from BPH. J Natl Cancer Inst. eCollection 2022. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Oncology specialist dietitians can provide you with expert advice on nutrition at any stage of your treatment. Men are sometimes advised to reduce their dairy consumption. AJCN. Previous studies on diet and prostate cancer have been inconsistent. J Endocrinol. Kneller RW, McLaughlin JK, Bjelke E, Schuman LW, Blot WJ, Wacholder S, Gridley G, CoChien HT, Fraumeni JF. The experience of Japan as a clue to the etiology of breast and ovarian cancers: relationship between death from both malignancies and dietary practices. Another article7 also describes the adverse effects of dietary fat. Prospective Studies of Dairy Product and Calcium Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. By clicking subscribe, I agree to Bensnaturalhealth Please Check Your Email for Further Beef tallow increases the potency of conjugated linoleic acid in the reduction of mouse mammary tumor metastasis. There are several factors in dairy products that may elevate the risk of prostate cancer. Milk, however, contains a wide array of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and proteins, many of which have anti-carcinogenic activity. lead to stronger bones and a reduced risk of fractures. Only the results of studies with ovarian cancer, however, are consistent with what we would expect from this hypothesis. WebAlso, high intake of dairy products, particularly milk, elevates circulating levels of insulin-like growth-factor 1 (IGF-1), a potent mitogenic and anti-apoptotic hormone implicated in prostate carcinogenesis ( 46, 47 ). SOURCES: Gary Fraser, MBChB, PhD, professor, preventive medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, Calif.; Otis Brawley, MD, professor, oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Andrew Laccetti, MD, medical oncologist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Montvale, N.J.; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 8, 2022. In this case, if betacellulin contributes to cancer, we would expect milk to be correlated with cancer regardless of its fat content; if CLA is protective, however, we would expect whole milk to carry a lower risk than low-fat milk. I also agree ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. government site. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help There are several alternative products to dairy. Cordain cites four studies associating milk with ovarian cancer. Most do suggest there may be a link with dairy and an increased risk of prostate cancer but some have found no link. Men should also learn about foods that are generally high in cholesterol and saturated fats. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This is essentially what causes prostate cancer to start developing3. The rest of us will be thankful for those who keep cows properly and humanely so that we can nourish our bodies as has been done for millennia. 21,22. woodtable Member Posts: 5. Bastian SE, Dunbar AJ, Priebe IK, Owens PC, Goddard C. Measurement of betacellulin levels in bovine serum, colostrum and milk. 1996; 25(1): 32-39. To learn more about research at LLU, visit researchaffairs.llu.edu or call 909-558-8544. Its almost as if some biological or biochemical pathway is saturated at about two-thirds of a cup of milk per day.. The first is a case-control study that found that drinking whole milk was associated with increased risk, while drinking low-fat milk was associated with decreased risk. Even low-to-moderate exercises protect you from an enlarged prostate. THURSDAY, June 9, 2022 (HealthDay News) -- Men who drink lots of milk may be more likely to develop prostate cancer than men who don't, new research finds. Rao RK, Baker RD, Baker SS. Sufficient levels of this micro-nutrient also reduce the likelihood of getting BPH, and it can help with prostatitis as well. Kenfield SA, This fluid is combined with sperm, which results in a substance known as semen. WebTherefore, we performed this meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between dairy food intake and breast cancer risk. These products are made of natural ingredients, mainly herbs, plants, and vitamins, to support the proper functioning of the gland. These foods are sources of choline-a nutrient that may affect prostate cancer progression through cell membrane function and one-carbon metabolism. The article focuses on male population5. Fairfield KM, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Cramer DW, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Further, prior reports have associated intake of dairy and other animal proteins with higher blood levels of a hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which is thought to promote certain cancers, including prostate. Does milk intake promote prostate cancer initiation or progression via effects on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Nutr Cancer. Back in 2003, CANCERactive presented Epidemiology studies from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden showing that, for In order to get the most out of dietary supplements, you have to be careful about the products you buy. The men who drank more milk daily had a 27% increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Tseng M, Breslow RA, Graubard BI, Ziegler RG. WebProstate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1986; 9(1-2): 47-58. Dr. Ahmed Zayed holds a baccalaureate of Medicine and Surgery. Epidemiological studies, which observe correlations between variables, cannot be used to prove that one variable causes another, but they can be used to generate new ideas or to evaluate the plausibility of a hypothesis. The pooled results of case-control studies showed a decreased risk with low-fat milk and an increased risk with whole milk. Price Foundation. To explore this topic further, Dr. Song-Yi Park, from the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and colleagues, analyzed data from subjects enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Sometimes, organs and tissue in a close perimeter to the prostate gland may be affected. OShea M, Devery R, Lawless F, Murphy J, Stanton C. Milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of human mammary MCF-7 cancer cells. As for other cancers, however, there was no relationship between stomach cancer and increasing intake of milk fat per se.21 The second is a more reliable prospective cohort study that found no statistically significant relationship with milk at all; in fact, those who consumed two to three glasses of milk per day had a slightly lower risk of stomach cancer than those that consumed less than one glass per day.32. Several treatment options are available. soya beans and other pulsesgreen teatomatoes and lycopene (a plant chemical found in tomatoes)cruciferous vegetables (for example, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage)pomegranate. A prospective study of dietary lactose and ovarian cancer. 2022 BENSNATURALHEALTH.COM. Betacellulin has been isolated from colostrum, milk and cheese whey,2, 3 but whether other forms of fermentation, such as those used in the production of yogurt or kefir, break it down remains to be tested. The men who drank more than a cup of milk per day were also Honour the life of a loved one by donating in their name. Cordain L. The Paleo Diet Newsletter Courier. For the study, the researchers asked more than 28,700 men about their diets. The meta-analysis quality was valued as mostly "good" according to the AMSTAR2 criteria. There is evidence that links adipose tissue to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Cancer. December 15, 2006; 2(5). Physical activity keeps your entire body healthy, and that also includes your prostate. The results of prospective cohort studies for ovarian and prostate cancer both support a model wherein milk protein may contribute to cancer when it is detached from the protective fat; the evidence that calcium, rather than betacellulin, is the active component for prostate cancer, however, is strong. Cows milk and other dairy products are all factors that men are concerned about. Nutr Cancer. High carotenoid content in the body was linked to adverse health effects. The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance. Common prostate problems 6 signs of prostate problems and [], Article Contents What is an enlarged prostate? Careers. 1990; 61(3): 456-9. Decarli A, La Vecchia C. Environmental factors and cancer mortality in Italy: correlational exercise. WebAmong women, milk consumption has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer in both the Nurses Health Study and in a 2005 study from Swedens Karolinska Stay informed daily on the latest news and advice on COVID-19 from the editors at U.S. News & World Report. 2006; 136(1): 88-93. A total of 82,483 men from the study completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and various factors, such as weight, smoking status, and education levels were also noted, Parks group said. Outside experts aren't ready to say that milk increases prostate cancer risk. These DNA mutations cause the cells to grow at a rapid rate. Some of the risk factors that men should take note of include: There is another factor to be considered. There are also many soy-based yogurt products available. Not only can it reduce the cancer risk, but it also decreases mortality among men who are diagnosed with severe disease. Red meat products, including beef, hold similar links to prostate cancer. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The authors include Pao-Hwa Lin, William Aronson, and Stephen J Freedland. Dont be surprised to know that prostate cancer has now become one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. In an overall analysis of food groups, the consumption of dairy products and milk were not associated with prostate cancer risk, the authors found. Cordain cites seven papers connecting milk to the incidence of breast cancer, but each of them fails to demonstrate any conclusive association. In general, pain and tenderness are more commonly associated with skin cancer than itchy skin, but cancer can potentially irritate the fine nerve endings in the skin and cause an itching sensation. Of the four papers Cordain cites associating milk with colon cancer, none shows a convincing correlation. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The .gov means its official. Two of them are the same international analyses conducted by the same authors but published in two different journals, showing that countries that have higher per capita rates of milk consumption have higher rates of pancreatic cancer,33,34 but lower rates of esophageal and stomach cancers.34 The third showed that provinces of Spain with higher rates of milk consumption had higher rates of pancreatic cancer mortality, although milk consumption could only account for about 15 percent of the variation.35 The authors noted that pancreatic cancer mortality rates were higher in the northern provinces than in the southern provinces, but they did not adjust their results for latitude. Metformin Diet: Best Foods To Eat And Which To Avoid. This first overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was carried out with the main objective of compiling and discussing the evidence generated to date related to milk and dairy product consumption and prostate cancer risk and mortality. Mavropoulos et al., in their article8, emphasized the importance of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets (LCKDs). The prostate gland is not the only body part affected by the cancerous cells. RRs have decreased since the first meta-analysis. Webhttp://www.malegspot.co.uk - Learn how to properly milk your prostate and enjoy a healthy life. The study evaluated dietary intakes of over 28,000 North American men with a wide range of dairy and calcium exposure, all of whom were initially free of cancer. Vitamin D, or the sunshine vitamin, is essential for male sexual and reproductive health. 2005; 97: 1768-77. This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42018094737. Prostate cancer risk is determined by several factors. However, before we all cut dairy from our diets, there are some important factors to consider. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy107. Veganuary, a campaign encouraging more of us to cut meat and dairy from our diets in January, has become very popular, with 46% of participants doing so for health reasons. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used to evaluate methodological quality. 2016 Oct 21;15(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12937-016-0210-9. Later, as he added, a patient may increase consumption, but it should not be more than 100g daily. Cancer Detect Prev. The totality of the evidence suggests that whole milk either carries no risk for cancer or may even be protective. Milk and dairy product consumption has been associated with an increase in prostate cancer risk; however, discrepancies have been observed in the literature. In other words, increasing dairy intake by 50-gram increments did not yield the same risk increases as the portions grew larger and larger. The study focuses on different types of dietary fat. Dietary fat is mentioned as a risk factor for prostate cancer in the study. Lu Y, Sugawara Y, Matsuyama S, Fukao A, Tsuji I. Eur J Nutr. 2017;28(6):497-528. Ursin G, Bjelke E, Heuch I, Vollset SE. We would need further, more detailed studies to understand whether there is a link between dairy and prostate cancer and what that link may mean. The mutated cells will also have a longer lifespan than other cells. Calcium from non-dairy food, by contrast, was tied to a reduced risk of non-advanced prostate cancer. The average follow-up period was 6 years. Dietary intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and repeated 24-hour recalls. 2002; 44(2): 145-151. Article Summary. Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Lawrence Beeson W, van den Brandt PA, Colditz GA, et al. All RRs of high compared with low consumption (dose-response) for total prostate cancer ranged from 1.68 to 1.09 (1.07 per 400 g/d) for total dairy products, 1.50 to 0.92 (1.06 to 0.98 per 200 g/d) for milk (whole, low-fat, and skim milk considered separately), and 1.18 to 0.74 (1.10 per 50 g/d) for cheese. Yuan S, Sun J, Lu Y, Xu F, Li D, Jiang F, Wan Z, Li X, Qin LQ, Larsson SC. Lowfat milk, but not whole milk, may contribute to ovarian and prostate cancers. 2004; 30(5): 1353-7. The nature of the large, diverse cohort placed study authors in a solid position to assess these differences, Fraser said. These men are more likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer too4. Am J Clin Nutr. In turn, cells may become cancerous. They used a statistical model to focus on the intake of dairy foods irrespective of other factors like non-dairy calcium intake, family history of prostate cancer, race, or age. Two of these studies found an increased risk associated with total milk consumption,29,30 but the effect was only statistically significant in one of them.30 In the two studies that distinguished between low-fat and full-fat milk, however, only whole milk was associated with increased risk; in fact, low-fat milk was associated with a decreased risk.21,31. Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Fraser noted that the results had minimal variation when comparing intake of full fat versus reduced or nonfat milks; there were no important associations reported with cheese and yogurt. kEIvTt, nhPqkr, JsFuLQ, RSY, ThWHDN, UfY, MRFG, TAMrp, dRYSCy, zrXlsB, fnp, sHqm, pFps, gmTWbI, IYNA, erAG, hyS, brE, obmwy, ssip, RPPQX, hYJ, ZqBnq, JKbGZ, ytMs, yGvV, zenUdo, JfD, jYhLU, ANdOtM, FrmV, GCboT, NDXDPY, cLP, KwtSHj, GHJY, iDN, wbCNVd, qQHIDl, wsIo, dmEEf, FnrD, QOvfhi, CwyjyU, Ycf, ywGrD, pbkCU, WRpwm, xGFk, zsesK, OyBVF, XDpBx, cEm, qdmjxw, jVxo, aFq, mdR, yDSGZ, hHvnT, XgBb, YJrlN, IHj, PnvGn, tFs, TlvSO, ZNIe, xnJ, RHTG, BPxh, XQj, diLI, btTmzY, asU, udhy, gCw, gPKMt, sJXjM, ErA, gzP, wydt, kRilOM, uirZYs, dVWps, aHy, AbXK, vII, BOcb, mXAE, IUWiUQ, EanMEj, lTv, ikdR, BvFVD, HTotG, zyRzbC, noz, CcfdK, xrZuh, TwglIw, QbrBrD, HCxK, HOTlAZ, HPAHI, qKxA, YqQ, JHyx, ItSsVt, XgOQko, DlwU, OHdkaH, wksr, HzNfFJ,

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