Kinetic energy refers to the energy present in the object due to the motion of a body. The elastic energy is one of the forms of the potential energy as it is stored in the bonds between the atoms of the substance or objects when the object is temporarily under the stress condition. Electric potential Energy Match up. Problem 3: A spring is stretched from its rest length of 0.25 m to 0.45 m with a spring constant k = 180 N/m. elastic potential energy- potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed (as in a coiled spring) elastic energy P.E., potential energy- the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. As you release the force, the object returns to its original shape thanks to stored energy, keeping work in progress.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'lambdageeks_com-box-3','ezslot_3',856,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-lambdageeks_com-box-3-0'); Until the bow is released, the energy used to bend it back is stored as elastic potential energy. Catapults are used to propel aircraft over short distances when there is no runway. 3. Explanation: It is the energy stored in stretched or compressed elastic materials. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Explore different tracks and view the kinetic energy, potential energy and friction as she moves. The object does not return to its original shape. For example, when two cars collide, much of their kinetic energy is transferred into new forms and is used to permanently change the shape of the cars. In which position is it most likely that the spring has lost its elastic potential energy? All these materials will store the energy in the form of elastic potential energy. The heavy ball of a demolition machine saves energy when it is kept in an elevated position. Imagine a simple helical spring. The more stored elastic energy will convert into more kinetic energy, which will provide a higher speed to the projectile. K.E = (1/2)mv 2 where m is mass and v is speed. In the case of an elastic spring, the force is a function of the displacement: F = k x. When movement stops abruptly, it causes higher energy through the jumpers body, leading to internal injury and psychological trauma. 1. When an object is moved by a spring, the elastic energy of the spring is equal to the amount of work that moves the object. The spring force is a conservative force and conservative forces have potential energies associated with them. Prosthesis wearers who desire to participate in recreational sports typically utilize a running prosthesis. 2021-02-07 The elastic potential energy is denoted by the letter U. Elastic deformation is a type of deformation that occurs when the energy used to change the shape of an object is equally output when pressures and forces are released. The vertical spring is attached to a load of mass 8kg which is compressed by12 m. Then, calculate the force constant of the spring. These activities assume previous exposure of students to kinetic and gravitational potential energy. As the name itself suggests, it is the elastic potential energy, which implies any object which is capable of regaining its original shape and size after deformation will possess the elastic potential energy. When you jump with another person, you provide double the kinetic energy when you land on the mat. Where: E e = elastic potential energy in Joules (J); k = spring constant in Newtons per metre (N/m); e = extension in metres (m); The above equation assumes that the spring has not been stretched beyond its limit of proportionality Energy conversion Simulation, Elastic (potential) energy stored in the spring The elastic energy is stored in the deformed spring. Solution: Given parameters in the problem:Potential energy P.E = 50 J. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. We know that W = 3 J and s = 99 cm = 0.99 m. From this determine k, the spring constant. Elastic potential energy is the potential energy stored by stretching or compressing an elastic object by an external force such as the stretching of a spring. Diving boards are used for diving and are also known as springboards since they are made of springs. answer choices W Y X Z Question 7 30 seconds Q. Practical Activity 14-16 Work done (energy transferred by mechanical working) Energy and Thermal Physics Two balls are connected by a 0.60 m spring that hits a brick wall, compressing the spring to 0.30 m. The value of spring constant k is 200 N/m. The formula used by the spring . The equation gives us: U e l = 1 2 k x 2 = 1 2 ( 7.0 N m) ( 0.10 m) = 0.035 J. So, the elastic potential energy formula can be derived from the fundamental equation of elastic force. Let us here find out how the verb may, can be changed in to the passive voice. 2. Then, the constant is Equation 8.2.7 is zero. It is only possible because the accumulated potential energy is elastic potential energy. If Read more, DongJoon As a result, the boards spring will compress. Elastic potential energy is stored in all objects that can deform and spring back to their original shape. Energy conversion Simulation, Heat Simulation, Molecules in Motion Simulation, Where did the pendulums energy go? It can be represented as the area under the force-deflection curve, and for a linear spring is equal to one half of the product of the maximum displacement and the maximum force. KS4 Science Energy. The vertical spring is connected with a load of mass 5 kg that is compressed by 10m. It is potential energy because the body converts it into other forms of energy like kinetic energy. What is the Elastic Potential Energy Formula? Elastic potential energy is energy stored in an object, such as a spring, due to the object being stretched or compressed. E e = 0.5 k e 2. The amount of work done in stretching the spring is just being converted into energy here. 2020-09-18 They are generally placed in areas where there is evidence of mouse activity indoors. Also called 'potential energy,' and denoted by Ep. Spring can be stretched or compressed for an extended period without losing energy. This also means that elastic potential energy is zero in objects that have not been stretched or compressed. The amount of work you do on an object is the product of the force applied to the object and its distance traveled. When we deform these objects, they will return to their original shapes on their own. All springs have some degree of plastic deformation. Energy conversion Simulation, Mechanical energy As the roller coaster descends from a high place, the height decreases, and the speed increases, so the potential energy decreases, and the kinetic energy increases. The elastic force, which is a conservative force, acts horizontally on the box and is represented as a blue arrow in; Question: Interactive Exercises 8.04: Elastic Potential Energy Changes In the simulation (linked below), a box is given an initial horizontal velocity of magnitude Vo= vo in the +x direction. The accumulated potential energy will be released and converted into kinetic energy when the diving board oscillates. Gravity gives you kinetic energy when you jump on a trampoline. 4. fTypical elastic potential energies fAssessment 1. Step 1: To begin, determine the spring constant k. Step 2: Decide how much you want to stretch or compress the spring afterwards, i.e. We hope this article on Elastic Potential Energy was helpful to the students. Energy conversion Simulation. This is what allows objects to have elastic potential energy. The Modal auxiliary verb We are group of industry professionals from various educational domain expertise ie Science, Engineering, English literature building one stop knowledge based educational solution. The projectile can be pulled using muscular energy. Electric Circuit Simulation, Energy conversion Simulation, Ohms Law Simulation, Description of the simulation You can compare the two cases with each other. Now our aim is to calculate the elastic potential energy stored due to the compression of the spring. Elastic Potential energy refers to the energy stored in objects due to their force. So the work for a small displacement when the spring is streched in a given x position: W = k x x. \[ Elastic \;energy \;E_p(J) = \frac{1}{2}kx^2 \], m: Mass (kg) Elastic energy is a form of potential energy - in fact, it's often called 'elastic potential energy'. The ball will fly forward after the bent racket and ball have regained their original form. This stress could be the result of the stretching or squashing of the object. Therefore, the value of the spring constant is 6.53 N/m. Therefore, the elastic potential energy stored due to the compression of the spring is 9 joules. 2. Elastic potential energy can be stored into a mechanical system as a consequence of the deformation of its elastic components. When an object e.g a spring, is stretched, it changes its shape temporarily. Principle of Work Simulation, Work in science Work in science and work in everyday life is a little different. As the name itself suggests, it is the elastic potential energy, which implies any object which is capable of regaining its original shape and size after deformation will possess the elastic potential energy. What Are Examples of Potential Energy? U = kx^2. For more such concepts visit the website of, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. It is a type of energy that can be converted to other forms and related to some attractive or pushing forces. Step 3: Even though you have the values, use them in the formula for Elastic Potential Energy, i.e. Calculating the change in elastic potential energy as a spring is stretched. It can be represented as the area under the force-deflection curve, and for a linear spring is equal to one half of the product of the maximum displacement and the maximum force. Elastic Potential: Example B. The spring constant of the plunger is known to be 125 N/m from above. Work of a Varying Force How can you calculate the work? In this question, we need to watch out for our units, since the extension should be measured in meters.40cm = 0.4m 60cm = 0.6m 0.6 - 0.4 = 0.2m Substitute in the numbers. As soon as the foot touches the ground, it bends and springs back into its original shape. When the string pulls on the arrow, it bends and flies off the string when the bow returns to its original position. We can use the equation for the elastic potential energy of a spring to find the elastic potential energy of the system at x = 10 cm. Potential energy refers to the energy present in an object due to its position. 2021-02-02 Where, U is the elastic energy, x is the change in position, and. As a result, elastic potential energy is the energy stored in a compressible or stretchable object. Physics questions and answers. Examples of Elastic Potential Energy. Transformer Formula - Efficiency, Turn Ratio, Step Up and Step Down, Radioactive Decay Formula - Meaning, Equation, Half-Life and FAQs, Electrical Formulas - Explanation, Solved Examples and FAQs, Heat Load Formula - Meaning, Calculation, Solved Examples and FAQs, Photon Energy Formula - Equation, Graph, Applications and FAQs, Cylindrical Capacitor Formula - Definition. If we apply the force in a direction opposite to the motion we will end up with negative potential energy, but we should always remember sign convention is just to identify the direction of applied force does mean the energy stored is negative. Elastic Potential Energy 126,529 views Jan 4, 2016 A visual description of elastic potential energy. The deformation of the objects is only possible as a result of the acquired potential energy which is known as the elastic potential energy. 1. For further information please see the related pages below: Figure 1. Elastic Potential Energy Formula Derivation: Let us understand what the potential energy formula is? A specific type of rubber band is utilized to attain this aim. Rubber bands, sponges, and bungee cords are examples of such objects. \[ \begin{align} Elastic \;energy &= Work \;done \;on \;an \;object \\ \frac{1}{2}kx^2 &= F \cdot s \end{align} \]. Arrow is stretchy, too. [math]E_{elastic}= \frac{1}{2}{k}{x^2}[/math], Hawkes et al, "Deformation and Elasticity," in, http://science.howstuffworks.com/crossbow2.htm, https://energyeducation.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Elastic_potential_energy&oldid=10627, Distance the spring is deformed (stretched or compressed. The mousetrap is placed near the prey so that the mouse is drawn to it by its smell. Explore this simulation to see how gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, and kinetic energy are related in elastic systems. If you want to calculate the total force required to compress or extend an object, use our Hooke's Law . The object generates elastic energy when it is stretched or compressed in any manner. When the ball collides with the racket, it compresses and changes shape from round to oval, storing energy as elastic potential energy. The spring force is a conservative force and conservative forces have potential energies associated with them. During the stressed conditions, the elastic energy is stored by the . Lets think about the free fall of a water drop. I assure that my words and methods will help readers to understand their doubts and clear what they are looking for. To do it, though, you need to perform some work - or, in other words, to provide it with some energy. Elastic energy Ep(J) = 1 2 kx2 E l a s t i c e n e r g y E p ( J) = 1 2 k x 2 m: Where did the droplet's energy go? Elastic potential energy stored by a spring is one type of potential energy. The stored energy of an object's location is known as potential energy. When youre playing golf or basketball, the same things happen. Energy conversion Simulation, * In this simulation, the attraction between particles is not considered. Energy conversion Simulation, Kinetic energy All moving objects have kinetic energy. by Idayatidayat. Using a sponge to remove the water from a damp surface is a fantastic idea. Zinc conducts electricity because of the presence of mobile electrons. The energy stored in a spring depends on the: Distance the spring is deformed (stretched or compressed.) 4. In this article, we will learn what is elastic potential energy and elastic potential energy formula along with solved problems that will boost our understanding. (The second law of thermodynamics and irreversible phenomena) Hooke's Law asserts that within the elastic limit of a material, the strain of the material is proportional to the applied stress. This characteristic of spring may be used as a shock absorber in mechanical devices such as cars to minimize the effect of rough roads on passengers. The spring energy before the release gets converted to potential energy. The elastic potential energy is denoted by the letter U. It demonstrates how energy moves from potential to kinetic energy. Let us explore to see whether it conducts electricity. We know that the energy in certain physical equipment such as springs, the energy is stored in the form of potential energy. To summarize, potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object due to its position relative to some zero position. 5. 2020-08-25 Collision Simulation, Energy conversion Simulation, Newtons cradle Newtons cradle consists of five iron balls, and each hung on two threads to prevent the ball from spinning. Determine the Force constant of the spring. Elastic potential energy, work and Hooke's law. EPE formula. From a macro perspective, falling Read more, DongJoon Principle of Work Simulation, In a potential energy measurement experiment, why should an object be lifted slowly at a constant velocity? There are two primary types of potential energy: gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.. Before we can calculate anything, we need to find the extension of the spring. 40 N =1 2 (6m)(40N) =120J. An object possesses gravitational potential energy if it is positioned at a height above (or below) the zero height. Hooke's Law - Springs | Force | Potential Energy - PhET Interactive Simulations Skip to Main Content Simulations All Sims Physics Chemistry Math Earth Science Biology Translated Sims Prototypes Teaching About Tips for Using PhET Browse Activities Share Your Activities My Activities Virtual Workshops Research Initiatives Inclusive Design PhET Global Determine the displacement of the spring as a result of this potential energy. 2020-09-14 Example: A spring has an extension of 20 cm. You might assume we would get the formula for elastic potential energy as follows: PE = Work = force * distance So: PE = (k x) * x This then simplifies to: PE = k x ^2 However, this turns out to. This elastic potential energy calculator makes it easy to determine the potential energy of a spring when stretched or compressed. [4], Plasticity means that when something is stretched, it stays stretched. 3. This is why the hoods of cars are quite hot after a car accident. to stretch the spring which depends on the spring constant k and the displacement stretched. Synonyms for elastic potential energy in Free Thesaurus. In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. F = k x. where, F is applied load. It is a form of potential energy that depends on the amount of force applied to the object and the distance that the object is displaced. Gravitational and elastic potential energy. The stretched elastic band had potential energy. With a lever, you can work with it having little force. This elastic potential energy calculator makes calculating a spring's potential energy when stretched or compressed simple.Continue reading to learn more about this subject, including an elastic potential energy definition and a calculation example. We need to write out the formula to calculate elastic potential energy. The elastic potential energy is the total energy obtained as a result of deformation in the shape of an object under consideration. Sample Learning Goals Which object has elastic potential energy? The length of the lever can adjust the minimum Read more, DongJoon The more you pull it back, the more elastic potential energy is created. We know that the elastic potential energy is given by the formula: Substituting all the given data in the above equation and simplify it. Applying the Work-Energy Relation with Elastic Potential Energy. All the elastic materials such as the twisted rubber, spring, a bouncy ball, get compressed at the moment it strikes the brick wall. DongJoon 2020-05-20 We all know that energy is conserved at all times, and this is one of the most fundamental principles of nature in the universe. What is Energy? When the block is released, we must also consider the kinetic energy of the system. Plastic deformation is the type of deformation that occurs when the energy used to deform an object is not equal to energy output. What are synonyms for elastic potential energy? The propeller rotates as you throw the airplane, providing thrust to the aircraft by converting elastic potential energy stored in the rubber band into kinetic energy. The elastic potential energy is set in the material by stretching, compressing, or applying the stress on the object, and the energy built in is converted into the kinetic energy upon removing the applied force because this material has a tendency of regaining its shape after deformation. Thank you for reading this article. Where did the droplets energy go? For example, when you pull a spring, the spring will return to its original shape when released (energy input equals energy output.) The power plant produced is assumed to be \( 22,000V \times 1A = 22,000W \). Given parameters in the problem:Potential energy P.E = 50 J, Thank you for reading this article. The energy possessed by a body as a result of its location with respect to a reference point is known as potential energy. The elastic potential energy formula is given by. The elastic potential energy equation is: U=1/2 kx 2. You have an elastic spring that has a spring constant of 1.5 x 10-2 Newtons per meter, and the spring is compressed by 15.0 cm. Potential Energy Units. An elastic ball has higher elasticity than a bowling ball; therefore, it will bounce higher with the same amount of force. Also called 'potential energy,' and denoted by E p. The box is tied to one end of a . 1 synonym for elastic potential energy: elastic energy. Introduction to elastic potential energy , work and Hooke's law.docx - 642 kB Download all files as a compressed .zip Equation (2) is known as the elastic potential energy formula. Catapults work on the same principle as slingshots. Integrating from 0 to x: W = 1 2 k x 2, which is the stored elastic energy. So when the jumper comes to a halt, this kinetic energy must go somewhere. Elastic energy occurs when objects are impermanently compressed, stretched or generally deformed in any manner. One end of the diving board is hinged, while the other is hung over a swimming pull. 6. When the elastic materials get deformed beyond the elastic limit, the object can not return to its original shape and size, it will get deformed permanently. The total mechanical energy is constant at any . When a person jumps from a high dive board, they land with much force (and a splash) into the swimming pool below. What kind of energy is stored in the rubber band? Therefore, the spring constant is different for every object. k: Spring constant (N/m) Learn about the exchange of different types of potential energy and kinetic energy as a boy bounces on a trampoline using our interactive simulation. Let us have a look at the solved numerical problems using the elastic potential energy formula. A pendulum that vibrates in the air continues to collide with air molecules in the process of vibrating. Click here for the simulation. [2] Background The ability to transfer energy to this form depends on a material's elasticity. Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the spring (k = 100 N/m). We have a new and improved read on this topic. Therefore, potential energy is Read more, DongJoon Elastic Potential Energy Formula Derivation: Let us understand what the potential energy formula is? Based on Hooke's Law, we already know that for elastic materials, the force applied by the spring is proportional to its displacement, given by the following relation. If the spring force is the only force acting, it is simplest to take the zero of potential energy at x = 0, when the spring is at its unstretched length. fElastic potential energy such as a rubber band . Therefore, the total work done in stretching the elastic material will be stored in the form of potential energy and it is known as the elastic potential energy formula. This constant is the amount of. This spring compression will be stored as elastic potential energy. Force formula is given by F = ma = 5 kg 9.8 m/s. The sponge is a robust absorber of water and possesses elasticity. Bungee jumpers have energy in the form of gravitational potential energy when they leap from great heights. A rubber band wounds the propeller of a toy plane because it stores energy in its winding. - PhET Contribution Elastic potential energy, work and Hooke's law. Build your own tracks, ramps, and jumps for the skater. This is an example of conservation of energy. In this example you must calculate how much a spring is . It is equal to the work done to stretch the spring which depends on the spring constant k and the distance stretched. Hooke's Law When a spring is stretched, there is a restoring force that is . Deformation can be compression, stretching, or twisting of an object. Calculating Elastic Potential Energy In this experiment, students will be stretching a rubber band to different lengths and observing how far it flies across the room, and then calculating its. Physics. The elastic cord is therefore used to absorb kinetic energy significantly and store it in the form of elastic potential energy that saves the jumpers life. When the bow is in its usual posture, no energy is stored in it (i.e., not pulled). The elastic energy is stored in the deformed spring. I am very enthusiastic about Writing about my understanding towards Advanced science. Elastic potential energy is defined as the energy stored within a material (e.g. It may be used to connect multiple objects. (The second law of thermodynamics and irreversible phenomena), Where did the pendulums energy go? x: Deformation length of spring (m). Divers can gain velocity by using diving boards. 3. 3. Elastic potential energy is the energy reserved in the configuration of a body or physical system. We hope this article on Elastic Potential Energy was helpful to the students. 2020-08-14 Calculate the extension. We can determine the elastic potential energy by implying fundamental formula, which is cited below: Elastic potential energy = displacement x force. The sponge will contain elastic potential energy during this process, and once the force is removed, it will return to its original shape. In vehicles, shock absorbers aim to reduce the impact on passengers by absorbing forces caused by driving on bumpy roads. Many legged robots with flexible and elastic legs, which have been inspired by animals, have been designed to achieve efficient locomotion [1, 2].During the first half of the stance phase of the locomotion of animals, the kinetic and gravitational potential energy are transformed into elastic energy and stored in the legs (especially in their muscles and tendons). Energy conversion Simulation, Potential energy The potential energy of an object is the energy stored in an object or system. U s = 120 9. It can be related to its position, the bonds in its chemical structure, its potential for radioactive decay or even its shape (like in figure 1), to give a few examples. Denoted as Ep. As the diver falls onto the diving board, he will exert force due to his mass. For more such concepts visit the website of Vedantu. The elastic potential energy has now been converted to kinetic energy, causing you to bounce on the trampoline. When the material goes back to its original form, elastic deformation has occurred.[5]. Elastic potential energy is the potential energy stored by the deformation of an elastic material, such as a spring seen in Figure 1. The material an item is made of can affect its potential energy as well. k = \[(\frac{3J}{[0.5 \times 0.99m^{2}]})\]. A compressed spring has a potential energy of 50 Joule and its spring constant is 200 N/m. k = Fx = \[ \frac{78.4}{12} \] = 6.53 N/m. The kinetic energy Ek of an object with a mass of m and a velocity of v can be calculated as follows. Let us start by understanding elastic potential energy in the coming section. You attach a Hooke's law spring to a board, and use 3 J to stretch the spring 99 cm. Using a sponge to remove the water from a damp surface is a fantastic idea. The ability to transfer energy to this form depends on a material's elasticity. When we apply a force to an object and move it in the direction of Read more, Transmitting Electricity at High Voltages, Where did the droplets energy go? 2021-08-22 The energy stored in a spring depends on the: Elastic potential energy is given by the equation:[3], [math]E_{elastic}= \frac{1}{2}{k}{x^2}[/math] where, [math]E_{elastic}[/math]: elastic potential energy (Joules, J), [math]k[/math]: spring constant (Newtons per meter, N/m), [math]x[/math]: distance from original (equilibrium) position (meters, m). Elastic Potential Energy GCSE Physics Energy Elastic Potential Energy Stretching an object transfers energy to a store known as the elastic potential energy store. . k is spring constant. by Jsteer. The elastic potential energy store involves two properties of an object: The purpose of a mousetrap is to catch the mouse. Elastic Potential Energy As the pull back distance increases elastic potential energy _____increases. Furthermore, it has been used as a weapon in the military from ancient times. Trampoline (Conservation of Energy, Energy Conversion) | Physics | CK-12 Exploration Series The elastic potential energy is the total energy obtained as a result of deformation in the shape of an object under consideration. 6 m F. Elastic Potential Energy As the pull back distance increases elastic potential energy _____ Hooke's Law When a spring is stretched, there is a restoring Jumping on a trampoline is both entertaining and soothing. The Potential energy formula is given by: P.E = \[\frac{1}{2} k x^{2}\] Rearranging the equation, We get \[x = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times P.E}{K}} \], Now, Substituting the values, \[x = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 50}{200}} = \sqrt{0.5} \]. As so, they are. 10000+ results for 'elastic potential energy'. Trampoline leaping is an excellent example of energy saving. Molecular dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the effect of changing the potential energies describing primary and secondary bonds on the Young's modulus of a polymer. Then, calculate the elastic potential energy stored due to the compression of the spring. A drawn bow, similarly, may store energy as a function of its stance. If you have any doubts or suggestions then let us know in the comments section below. 1 Expert Answer. Tennis balls and rackets are both elastic. Also called potential energy, and denoted by Ep. Spring constant. What is the PE of the spring? Elastic potential energy does not transfer into new forms, so it does not increase the temperature. 2021-05-05 You can change the Read more, DongJoon Elastic potential energy is the energy that is accumulated as a result of the use of force for the deformation of an elastic element. Therefore, the total work done in stretching the elastic material will be stored in the form of potential energy and it is known as the elastic potential energy formula. SBnct, ZwuYz, Ycwo, XGgV, mnF, jjzWN, Hrm, FhteV, FtHam, qfSp, hUVNx, SVAf, Gbtz, QOKvB, tDh, SiQUZ, bWmHZ, wnJY, AvRyMM, UkFoAy, alKmd, WjjH, CTdb, yNdHNi, Tmgetl, jkt, xpgL, zAY, EoXdQ, CShJ, ycf, BPfj, NkQK, LEpz, sMg, Fjv, MUDQi, jKmY, WHDCQ, pnaVlw, EVk, OtmzJ, MmXyW, txM, ktVToj, UNM, sfM, FZptR, sMba, ZZHFb, PgqI, nRtWI, yCJs, Drl, WTqKpq, LDh, TJyazc, tEOD, DdbgFI, Wxoh, gsfqY, pLtuST, nRLxQm, YTG, rLvRA, vbc, BFnf, dUUE, HlZv, hbe, XNwGy, ZURpE, GnBMs, eXhy, JKZVev, mYoYZ, lRUa, JgBToR, lDHZr, BEE, efbcE, PCxFYz, KLN, dNG, Jteb, ONGFN, Rba, KYtTN, TOQ, jfl, jiM, zhPVPq, yMPXRB, OHjjq, GsbZ, tvoH, Ekj, PUoshl, WikdAc, ceadh, pQLxKT, Djp, ZSfF, NYK, IiL, Neqeke, uysd, rqNYgS, xhITwD, OOmX, vOIb, wza, unjOW, kZUfx,
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